1、開放作文,評(píng)分,15分：描圖5 分+議論10分。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 基本描繪：圖中有什么 好的描繪：圖中發(fā)生了什么，人物和事物之間的關(guān)系。What is going on? 講故事不算完成任務(wù)，寫得再好，最多得5分。 高檔作文，描述和議論要有關(guān)系，如隱語(yǔ)，類比等。,Step 1: observe the picture carefully 仔細(xì)觀察圖片內(nèi)容 Step 2: find out the logical connection among the things or between the things and life in the picture 發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系,How to find o

2、ut the suitable topic ？,開放性作文寫作第一步？,找主題（The topic of the picture）,In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,We should keep the balance of nature.,猴老師，您一定要教會(huì)小鴨上樹！,In your English class, you are asked to describe the fo

3、llowing picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,Parents always ask their children to do something beyond their abilities.,In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,We should adjust our ideas and

4、measures to the changing situation.,In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,Nowadays teenagers are too addicted to the internet.,In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are as

5、ked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.,Some people look confident, but what they actually have in their head is far from enough.,一篇好的開放性作文什么樣的？,As is shown in the picture, a half-empty bottle is going to stick a label of “full” on its body, feeling proud and confident. The pi

6、cture seems to be reflecting a kind of social phenomenon. We might often meet some people who look confident, trying to impress others with their “rich” knowledge. However, just like the bottle in the picture, what they really know is just a little. What they actually have in their head is far from

7、enough. As an old saying goes, empty bottles make the loudest noise. Therefore, its wise to enrich ourselves with knowledge and try to make our head full.,/,/,啟,承,轉(zhuǎn),回,合,描圖,（結(jié)合圖）議論,如何“啟”？,1. As is shown in the picture, .,2. As we can see from the picture, .,4. In the picture we can see that .,5. From

8、 the picture we can see that .,3. As can be seen from the picture, .,6. As the picture indicates, there is / are sb. doing .,.,描圖,如何描圖？,如何“承”？,1. The picture seems to .,2. The picture tries to .,3. The picture conveys a message that.,4. It is a common phenomenon in our daily life. .,5. It is quite a

9、 common scene in the society. .,6. Such a situation seems common in our society. .,.,圖中含義,如何表達(dá)？,如何“轉(zhuǎn)”？,1. However, just like the in the picture, .,2. If , .,注意: “轉(zhuǎn)”的方式非常靈活，難以有固定的 模式，關(guān)鍵要“見風(fēng)使舵”。,1、然而，真實(shí)的情況是. 2、如果不這樣,會(huì)有啥結(jié)果,如何“回”？,1. , as is shown in the picture.,回到圖里,2. just like in the picture.,把議論和圖片

10、結(jié)合，進(jìn)行比較，論點(diǎn)才站得住腳，也才有意義。,如何回圖？,如何“合”？,1. Therefore，.,結(jié)論,2. Thus，.,3. So.,4. In conclusion，.,5. Only in this way can.,結(jié)論的得出也是比較靈活的,沒有固定模式,一篇好的開放性作文什么樣的？,As is shown in the picture, a half-empty bottle is going to stick a label of “full” on its body, feeling proud and confident. The picture seems to be

11、reflecting a kind of social phenomenon. We might often meet some people who look confident, trying to impress others with their “rich” knowledge. However, just like the bottle in the picture, what they really know is just a little. What they actually have in their head is far from enough. As an old

12、saying goes, empty bottles make the loudest noise. Therefore, its wise to enrich ourselves with knowledge and try to make our head full.,/,/,啟,承,轉(zhuǎn),回,合,描圖,（結(jié)合圖）議論,實(shí)戰(zhàn),In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you u

13、nderstand it.,可接受立意： 1. 整體中，個(gè)體的作用； 2. 系列事件中，每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的作用； 3.細(xì)節(jié)決定成?。?4.知識(shí)/事物之間環(huán)環(huán)相扣，相互聯(lián)系。 不能接受的立意: 1.好習(xí)慣，壞習(xí)慣； 2. 好的開始很重要； 3. 做好第一步很重要； 4.合理安排事物； 5. 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)需要循序漸進(jìn); 6. 如何解決問題； 7. 打好基礎(chǔ)很重要； 8. 從小事做起； 9.心中有他人，考慮他人意見； 10. 不恰當(dāng)?shù)谋扔鳎╰errorism和society）,描圖,一般描圖 (有什么) 好的描圖 (關(guān)系,趨勢(shì)),There is a circle of bricks standing one

14、 next to another.,The first brick on the right is falling down, causing the falling of the next one. In the end, the whole circle will .,The success of a project depends on each individual step.,立意,跳出圖，提出觀點(diǎn),In the picture, we can see a circle of bricks standing next to each other. The first brick on

15、 the right is falling down, causing the falling of the next one. In the end, the whole circle will be ruined. The picture conveys a message that the success of a project depends on each individual step. When each individual step is given full attention, it is quite likely that the whole project will

16、 be a success. In the same way, a mistake in one step may lead to a complete failure of the whole project, as is shown in the picture. So each individual step can make the difference between success and failure. We should try our best every step of the way.,范文,實(shí)戰(zhàn),In your spoken English class, your t

17、eacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.,In this picture we can see that the man is dreaming to have chances to succeed, to own a big house or a car, to be traveling in many places in the world and so on. But he never tries to r

18、ealize them only lying there to have a day-dream. It is a common phenomenon in our daily life. There are also some people like him. They want to have a chance but they never work hard and manage to catch it. Chances, success and other things will be given to the hard-working people. Everyone wants t

19、o succeed and have a better life, so from now on lets try hard no matter how many difficulties and failures we will meet on the way.,范文,Version 2不從外表判斷人 In the picture are a big tree and some small grass. The tree is tall and strong, but it has been broken by the strong wind. Compared with the tree,

20、 the grass is small and weak. Nevertheless, the strong wind can hardly do any harm to it. It is certain that the grass will stay healthy as ever after the wind. Things are not always acting in the way they look. It is the same with human beings. Some people are like the big tree. They are easily def

21、eated by difficulty although they have strong appearance. Weak as some people may seem, they are actually very strong in mind. They are ready to face challenges and never give up in time of difficulty, just like the grass in the picture. So, we should never judge a person by his appearance.,使句子多樣化的技

22、巧,一、語(yǔ)序變化,主語(yǔ)后移 It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes It makes no difference whether we stay or leave.,一、語(yǔ)序變化,賓語(yǔ)后移 We consider it necessary for her to do it all over again One finds it a bore doing pattern drills,一、語(yǔ)序變化,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) The program wa

23、s designed by a very little boy. The gun powder was invented by Chinese,一、語(yǔ)序變化,層進(jìn)句 I see that small group of men who plan，organize，and launch this cataract（奔流） of horrors upon mankind That is what it means；that is all it means；that is all it will mean,一、語(yǔ)序變化,倒裝句 Seldom has a city gained such world r

24、enown No sooner had he opened the gate from outside than he came into the garden and waited until someone let him out.,一、語(yǔ)序變化,其他倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)形式 Under the large stone lies the treasure. Only five men did he see A liar he is,一、語(yǔ)序變化,修辭表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào) 1)重復(fù) A society is sustained by communication; communication makes life p

25、ossible. 2)夸張 Ive got a mountain of work to do today. Again a million thanks.,一、語(yǔ)序變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1) It is/was + that/who 結(jié)構(gòu) It was the new method that they used. 2) 冒號(hào)和破折號(hào)后面也是加強(qiáng)的部分 They think they got their little secret tucked away，and so they have except now. 3)雙重否定 There is no rule that has exceptions 4)

26、利用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，帶有感情色彩和力量。 The woman is always bragging about her three daughters,二、長(zhǎng)、短句結(jié)合,Although I have been away from my hometown for only three years, I can hardly recognize it. (復(fù)雜句) In spite of being away from my hometown for only three years, I can hardly recognize it. (簡(jiǎn)單句),三、以同位語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞開始句子,W

27、ith fear and expectation they waited by the telephone. Strangely enough, he cannot speak a word of English, having lived in Australia for such a long time.,三、以同位語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞開始句子,Looking out of the train window, we found a completely different scenery. Susan, a dedicated naturalist, spent years studyin

28、g birds and plants on the island. To see his work applied to peoples life is the happiest thing for him.,四、使用there be結(jié)構(gòu),There were times when we had nothing to eat in the house There seems something wrong with the bike There appears to be some evidence of a genetic link to alcohol abuse There can be

29、 no doubt about the answer,五、用It作形式主語(yǔ),Its a shame that you caught the flu and missed so many classes. It appeared that Jane had lost her way It seems that Louisa doesnt hate us after all It is no use for us to try this again,六、用副詞引導(dǎo)句子,Unfortunately, a number of more serious problems remain to be sol

30、ved Actually，he is the son of a farmer Essentially, the poor people there need food to survive rather than computers Frankly speaking，he cheated in the examination,七、使用排比,單詞平行 The young actor was tall，dark，and handsome We waited for hours at the airport，reading and sleeping,七、使用排比,短語(yǔ)平行 This is a gov

31、ernment of the people，by the people，for the people. To support his family and to put himself through college，he worked ten hours a day,七、使用排比,句子平行 There is no reason for us to be enemies；neither of us seeks the territory of the other；neither of us seeks domination over the other；neither of us seeks

32、to stretch out our hands and rule the world Their sun-burned faces were dark, and their sun-whipped eyes were light.,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),Suzhou is a beautiful city, attracting thousands of visitors each day from both the domestic and foreign countries. 多用介詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，少用狀語(yǔ)從句。,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、過程狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ) at the sight of： Th

33、e girl became frightened at the sight of the snakes that were crawling in the grass. at the time of on the occasion of at the moment of at the beginning of in the course of at the end of at/on the point of at/on the closing point of at the thought of,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)、程度、空間、范圍等狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ) on the top of She wa

34、s shouting at the boys on the top of her voice. except for at the foot of in front of to the degree of at the back of apart from in addition to in the front of in the middle of in the face of in place of by the side of to the point of（到程度）,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)目的、前提、結(jié)果、條件、原因、讓步等狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ) in consideration of In co

35、nsideration of our long-term cooperation, wed agree to cut the price by another one percent. only if as a result of given under the influence of in order to under the guidance of in case of under the pressure of with a view to doing（想要。） for the sake of,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),because of in search of owing to accord

36、ing to due to in view of (考慮到) so as to in line with （與。相似） by reason of in the light of(考慮到) by means of in spite of on account of despite although/ though/ even though to the satisfaction of,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)比較、指涉、對(duì)象、指謂等狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ) in honor of as to in connection with （與。有關(guān)） as for in contrast to as far as in

37、 comparison with,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)方式、方法、手段等狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ) with the aid of He finally made the point clear with the aid of some charts and pictures. by means of on behalf of by way of in the name of in the form of at the request of by force of instead of on the chance of with the help of through the help of in exch

38、ange of through the channel of in place of in the habit of,八、巧用狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)補(bǔ)充、關(guān)聯(lián)、銜接等狀語(yǔ)的介詞和短語(yǔ)（常用插入式） in the final analysis In the final analysis, this theory can be applicable in more fields than they seem to be. so to speak （可以說(shuō)） They were all very similar. All cut from the same cloth, so to speak. to be h

39、onest hopefully to be direct to be frank like it or not in general believe it or not in particular if not best by the way,改進(jìn)句子的質(zhì)量,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,Having informed of the market change, the factorys products are changed to meet the needs of the market. Seeing the baby sleeping soundly, the mother went into t

40、he garden to water the flowers. Hearing the shouting, the birds flew away immediately. Joe saw the birds flying away immediately at the sound they heard.,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,結(jié)構(gòu)公式1 Doing, sb. was doing , doing . and doing . Standing at the doorway, she was shaking hands with the departing guests, waving good-by

41、e to them and seeing them off.,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,結(jié)構(gòu)公式2 After doing ., sb. did . and did . After finishing reading the book, he took out a piece of paper and started to write down what he remembered.,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,結(jié)構(gòu)公式3 Doing ., doing sb. did . Seeing many people doing that, thinking that he could do the same, he

42、started to do the same thing.,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,結(jié)構(gòu)公式4 Having done, sb. did . and did . Having finished the meal, she picked the phone and started talking with someone about the next days journey to the country.,動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致,結(jié)構(gòu)公式5 Sb. did, doing. She came into the room, carrying a bundle of newspapers.,文章流暢的關(guān)鍵,得體

43、地使用過渡詞,表示附加 again再者，此外 also加之，且又 furthermore而且，再者 in addition加之，此外 and然后，就 moreover此外 as well as既又 not onlybut also不但而且 besides并且，除此之外 second其次 finally最后 third再者 further而且，再者 first首先,得體地使用過渡詞,表示讓步 after all終究，畢竟 even if(though)即使 although雖然(較正式) nevertheless然而，不過 at least至少 of course當(dāng)然 anyhow無(wú)論如thou

44、gh雖然 clearly顯然 yet然而，但是,得體地使用過渡詞,表示強(qiáng)調(diào) above all尤其是，最重要的 in fact事實(shí)上，應(yīng)該是說(shuō) certainly當(dāng)然 in particular特別是 first and foremost首先，第一 most importantly最重要的是 indeed確實(shí)如此 surely想必(強(qiáng)調(diào)推斷),得體地使用過渡詞,表示時(shí)間 after a while過了一會(huì)兒 meanwhile在這期間，同時(shí) afterward以后，后來(lái) now現(xiàn)在 as long as在期間內(nèi)，長(zhǎng)達(dá) once一旦，只要 as soon as 一就 once upon a ti

45、me從前 at last最后 presently當(dāng)今，現(xiàn)在 shortly不久，馬上 at that moment那一刻,得體地使用過渡詞,表示時(shí)間 when當(dāng) at that time那時(shí) since(自從)以來(lái)before在之前 so far到目前為止 soon不久，很快 early or late遲早，早晚 soon after不久，隨即 immediately立即 in the meantime正在此時(shí) then于是 in the past過去 thereafter其后 lately近來(lái)，最近 until直到(為止) later隨后，稍后,得體地使用過渡詞,表示地點(diǎn) above在之上

46、nearby臨近的 on the other side在另一邊 below在之下 opposite to相反的，面對(duì)面的elsewhere在別處 there那里 farther(on)更遠(yuǎn) to the east在之 here這里 to the left在左邊 near近的，接近的 wherever不管什么地方,得體地使用過渡詞,表示例證 for example例如 specifically特別地 for instance例如 that is(to say)也就是說(shuō),得體地使用過渡詞,表示比較 like像一樣，正如 as it were可謂，好比是 by comparison相比之下 simi

47、larly相似地 equally同樣地 too也，而且 in the same way以同樣方式,得體地使用過渡詞,表示對(duì)照或轉(zhuǎn)折 but(不)而 nevertheless依然 despite盡管，縱使 on the contrary 相反 however然而，但是 on the other hand另一方面 in contrast with與成對(duì)照 unlike與不同 instead代替，(不)而 whereas然而，雖然,得體地使用過渡詞,表示目的 for the purpose of為達(dá)到目的 in order that為了,得體地使用過渡詞,表示因果 accordingly因此，于是

48、for this reason正因?yàn)榇?(and) thus因此，于是 hence因此，基于此 as a result結(jié)果 because因?yàn)?so that因此，以至于 consequently因此，所以 therefore因此，所以,得體地使用過渡詞,表示概括 all in all總的來(lái)說(shuō) in conclusion最后，總之 as has been said如上所說(shuō) in short簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，總之 at last最后，總之 in summary總之 finally最后，總之 on the whole總的說(shuō)來(lái) in a word總而言之 to sum up總而言之 in brief簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)

49、，總之,美好的愿望,希望以上這些方法對(duì)于想進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)寫作能力的同學(xué)有所幫助。 相信只要同學(xué)們多積累單詞和詞組、固定短語(yǔ)和名言警句，靈活使用，你們的書面表達(dá)一定會(huì)精彩紛呈。,情景作文,讓我們從2007年高考說(shuō)起,情景作文： 假設(shè)你是李華，要給英國(guó)筆友Harry寫封信，介紹你班兩位同學(xué)精選班長(zhǎng)的過程。請(qǐng)按下圖順序描述。 注意：1.信的開頭已為你寫好。 2.詞數(shù)不少于60. 提示詞：競(jìng)選班長(zhǎng)monitor election 2007北京高考試題英語(yǔ)作文.doc,你的理解有誤區(qū)嗎,以下理解哪些是正確的？,1、四幅圖，每一幅圖是一個(gè)內(nèi)容要 點(diǎn)，每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)必須有細(xì)節(jié)支撐； 2、如果漏寫一個(gè)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，降

50、低2個(gè)檔次； 3、如果漏寫一個(gè)支撐細(xì)節(jié)，降低1個(gè)檔次； 4、確定檔次后，如果語(yǔ)言優(yōu)美，詞匯和句式豐富，可以加1分。 5、描寫完4幅圖后，一定要寫出自己的看法。2007高考學(xué)生作文9篇.doc,題目,情景作文： 美國(guó)中學(xué)生Jeff將要來(lái)你所在的紅星中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中文，經(jīng)協(xié)商安排住在你家。假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)給Jeff寫一封信，按照下圖順序介紹他來(lái)中國(guó)后的生活安排。 注意：1. 信的開頭已為你寫好。 2. 詞數(shù)不少于60。,Dear Jeff: Im Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.,題目,情景作文寫作要求,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)全、細(xì)節(jié)支持清楚、 上下文的連貫、 詞

51、匯和句式的多樣性及語(yǔ)言的 準(zhǔn)確性,考試說(shuō)明指出必備的三大點(diǎn)：,審題,第一步：審題 文體: 人稱: 時(shí)態(tài): 要點(diǎn):,1.假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)給Jeff寫一封信 2.美國(guó)中學(xué)生Jeff將要來(lái)你所在的紅星中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中文,審題,審題 文體:記敘文 人稱:第一人稱,第二人稱 時(shí)態(tài):一般將來(lái)時(shí)(主要) 要點(diǎn):四幅圖加開頭和結(jié)尾,句型,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間,開頭,第二步：要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié) 開頭要敘述完整的過程。 時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物，事件 Main idea: Where When Who What,開頭,現(xiàn)在我告訴你你在北京的安排/計(jì)劃. Now I tell you some arrangements/plan

52、s in Beijing.,圖一,圖二,圖三,圖四,結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)尾 我希望你過的愉快。 I hope you will have a good time. I hope you will have a pleasant experience.,關(guān)聯(lián)詞,第三步：關(guān)聯(lián)詞 What connectors are used?,時(shí)間順序,Development：the time line,in the morning,at noon,after class(school),第四步：詞匯的豐富。,1.I will give you a _plan. 2.You will have a _room. 3.Whe

53、n you ride a bike, you will enjoy a _view. 4.At noon, you will eat _food in the dining hall.,wonderful,comfortable,beautiful,delicious,5.After school , you can take part in _ activities. 6.I think it will be an _experience,7.We ll spend time together_.,various,unforgettable,happily,8. Well discuss something in our study _in the dining hall. 9. We will play ball ga