1、Nominal Clause 名詞性從句,TEM - 4 歷年真題,1.After _ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. (1999) A. that B. what C. there D. it 2. Barry had an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. (2001)A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that 3. Even as a girl,

2、 _ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher. (2001) A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissas performances were C. knowing that Melissas performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing was,(B),(B),(D),4. There is no doubt _ the company has made the right de

3、cision on the sales project. (2001)A. why B. that C. whether D. when 5.The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area. (2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever 6. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.

4、(2008)A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which,(B),(C),(C),7. Quality is _ counts most. (2008)A. Which B. that C. what D. where 8. We consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. (2009)A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange 9. It seems that s

5、he was there at the conference. The sentence means that (2009)A. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.,(C),(C),(C),10. After _ seemed an endless wait, it wa

6、s his turn to enter the personnel managers office. (2010) A. That B. it C. what D. there,(C),一、 主語從句,大部分主語從句都是采用it作形式主語，把真正的主語從句放在句尾，形成It is + 名詞（分詞、形容詞）+ 主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。 That the earth goes around the sun is common knowledge. = It is common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun. It is remarkable th

7、at a table spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon. It is (un) likely that the trade war in the textile industry will spread to other industries.,以下情況必須要用it作形式主語。此時，從句通常不能前置。 It doesnt matter + how/whether 的結(jié)構(gòu) It doesnt matter whether you like it or not

8、. （正） Whether you like it or not doesnt matter. （誤） It + be + 過去分詞 + that （即主句是被動語態(tài)） It is reported that a new bridge would be built here next year. It is estimated that a smoker will at least spend more than $500 a year.,常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞有： It is believed that 據(jù)信 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is well-known that 眾

9、所周知， It is announced /reported that 據(jù)宣稱（據(jù)報道） It is decided that 據(jù)定 It has been approved that 已經(jīng)批準， It has been proved that 業(yè)已證實 It can be seen that可以看出,It happens/occurs/seems結(jié)構(gòu) It suddenly occurred to me that I had forgotten to close the window. It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst sin

10、gers. 常用的這種句型還有： It turns out that結(jié)果 It follows that接著 It goes without saying that 毫無疑問,It + be + 名詞 + that It is a pity that you did not watch the final match. It is no wonder that he refused the offer from the bank. It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic last week. 疑問復合句中，主語從句不放在句首。 Is it

11、true that the professor will give us a lecture on linguistics tomorrow? Has it been decided when and where the next Asia Game will be held?,二、賓語從句,賓語從句可以作動詞的賓語，可以作介詞的賓語，還可以作形容詞的賓語。 I wonder if you could post this parcel for me. （if引導的賓語從句） He has told me where we can find this kind of raw material.

12、（where引導的直接賓語從句） She is not aware of what a dangerous situation she is in. （what引導的介詞賓語從句） Im delighted that I will have the chance to meet with you one more time. （that引導的形容詞賓語從句）,1. that引導的介詞賓語從句 一般情況下，that不引導介詞賓語從句，只有少數(shù)幾個固定說法：in that 在于（因為），but that 要不是 （只是），except/besides (save) that 除了，notwiths

13、tanding that 雖然。 I went swimming yesterday notwithstanding that my mother told me not to. I would have already done it yesterday but that something urgent came up. He was different from other students in that he devoted his spare time to reading. We knew nothing about our new neighbor except that th

14、ey came from Guangzhou. 注：in that, but that 通常被看作是連詞，引導狀語從句，前者意為“因為”，后者意為“要不是”。,2. it作形式賓語 It 除了可以作形式主語之外，也可以作形式賓語。這種情況下，賓語從句中的引導詞that不可以省略。 用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常見的有： find/make/think/consider/feel + it + that We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. Dont you think

15、it strange that he suddenly change his attitude toward us?,3. 同it和the fact搭配使用的動詞 以下動詞不直接跟that從句，需加it 或the fact作媒介，再跟that從句： ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, dislike, overlook, loathe, love, help, forgive, hate, hear, , want, see to（確保）, take（認為）等。 You must see to it

16、 that all team members are here on time tomorrow. He overlooked the fact that the back door was not locked. I hate it that she is late for our appointment every time.,4. 動詞后面的直接賓語不能用that從句 以下動詞后的直接賓語不用that從句，要用動名詞或不定式： envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, excuse, blame, advise, congratulat

17、e等。 He advised me that I should come early. （誤） He advised me to come early. （正） Excuse me that I was late. （誤） Excuse me for being late. （正）,5. 賓語從句中的否定前移 以下動詞后面的賓語從句如果是否定句，需要把否定詞前提到主句，從句用肯定形式：think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine, feel, see, appear等。 I dont belie

18、ve that he will do such a thing. I dont feel that I would win the match tomorrow.,6. 形容詞后的賓語從句 常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure, certain, aware, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. I am glad that he went to see me when I was ill. She will later

19、 be aware of what true love is and what should be cherished. China is aware that it must become independent from the dollar at some point.,7 固定詞組后的賓語從句 常接賓語從句的固定詞組有： make up ones mind （下決心） make sure (certain) （確信、確保） have no idea（不知道） have an idea （知道） see to it that（務必） keep in mind（記?。?He made up

20、 his mind that he would stay single for another 10 years. I have no idea where I put my keys. I will see to it that everything is ready for your departure.,三 表語從句,1. 接表語從句的動詞 可以接表語從句的動詞有：be, look, remain, seem，feel等，其中，be, look, seem 和feel后面可以和as if, as though連用。 It seemed that the professor was ver

21、y pleased with the test result. It looks as if (as though) someone has already been here. It is not as though we were poor. This is where we need to improve.,2. 常用的表語從句結(jié)構(gòu) 常用的表語從句結(jié)構(gòu)還有： the reason/cause+ be that； it (this, that) is why； it (this, that) is because； not becausebut because； not that but

22、that. The reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man. He did not go to see the film. That is because he had to stay at home to look after his sister. He left the company. It is not that he did not like the job, but that he could not get along well with his boss.,3. what引導的

23、表語從句 what引導的表語從句中，what等于the thing (s) which/that。 Mary is not what she used to be twenty years ago. = Mary is not the person (that) she used to be twenty years ago. Experience is not what happens to you; it is what you do with what happens to you.,4表語從句中that的省略問題 引導表語從句的that常不省略，但在非正式語體中有時可省。 The tr

24、ouble is (that) he is suddenly ill. Theonlyproblemisyoucanteattrees!,1. 引導同位語從句常用連詞that 引導同位語從句常用連詞that，它在句中不擔任句子成分，沒有詞意。除that外，還有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。 He must answer the question whether he likes the arrangement or not. We havent yet settled the question where we are go

25、ing to spend our summer vacation. (同位語從句，where 不可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+關(guān)系代詞) Compare: This is the house where I lived two years ago (定語從句，where=in which),四同位語從句,2. 能跟同位語從句的名詞 能跟同位語從句的名詞常見的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumor, question, order, hope, promise, thought, reply, problem, reason, message, probability,

26、suggestions, words（消息）等。 The rumor that hes gone broke is unfounded. They have no hope that he will recover. Ive come from Jack with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon,3、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： a. 引導同位語從句的連詞that在句中不擔任句子成分，而引導定語從句的that則在從句中作主語，賓語等。引導同位語從句的wh一詞多具有疑問意義，而引導定語從句的wh一詞則沒有疑問意義。

27、 b. 同位語從句與先行名詞是等同關(guān)系，一個具體，一個抽象，兩者?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)述為主表關(guān)系，而定語從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。,They put forward the question where they could get the money. （同位語從句） This is the place where the accident happened. （定語從句，where在定語從句中作狀語） We must emphasize the fact that they are only children. （同位語從句） This is the fact that we must all

28、face. （定語從句，that代替fact在從句中作賓語）,4、同位語從句的分隔 同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. （由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句） Weve just heard a warning on the radio that a hu

29、rricane is likely to come.（先行詞和同位語從句之間有一個狀語隔開）,五、名詞性從句的引導詞,1. that, whether和if 共同特點是在從句中不充當成分，也稱為從屬連詞。that連接 的是陳述句本身無意義；而whether和if連接的是一般疑問句，意思是“是否”。 That he survived the earthquake is a miracle. （主語從句） We doubt whether (if) she will be here on time. （賓語從句）,1) whether 和 if 在引導賓語從句時可互換。但以下情況只能用whethe

30、r： a. whether和if都可以引導主語從句，但放在句首的主語從句只能用 whether。 b. 引導介詞賓語從句，只能用whether。 c. 引導表語從句，只能用whether。 d. 引導同位語從句，只能用whether。 e. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)whether or not,不能說if or not。 f. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)whether to do sth.,不能說if to do sth.。,Whether the Garden existed or not is unknown. （主語從句放句首用whether） I was curious as to whether he will co

31、me or not. （介詞賓語用whether） The question is whether there is any hope of his recovery. （表語從句用whether） The problem whether we should continue with the experiment has not been solved. （同位語從句用whether） We debated whether to take the earlier train. （后接動詞不定式用whether）,2) doubt后接that，whether (if)在句意上的區(qū)別： I do

32、ubt that he is guilty. 我不信他有罪。 = I dont think that he is guilty. I doubt whether (if) he is guilty. 我不知道他是否有罪。 = I am not sure whether I dont doubt that he is guilty. 我相信他是有罪的。 = I believe that he is guilty. I suspect that he is guilty. 我懷疑他有罪。 = I think that he is guilty.,2. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, w

33、hat, which, whatever, whichever, whoever 上述連接代詞在其所引導的名詞從句中擔當主、賓、表、定等成分。 Have you decided which book to read first? (which引導賓語從句，同時在從句中作定語) Who will be the host has not been decided. (who引導主語從句，同時在從句中作主語) 注：what引導的名詞性從句根據(jù)不同的含義可分為兩種類型：疑問代詞型名詞從句和連接代詞型名詞從句。,疑問代詞型名詞性從句中，what在其引導的特殊疑問句中仍具有疑問代詞的特征，意思是“什么”，

34、“哪些”，“怎樣”等，在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和賓語補語等。 Ive not made up my mind what optional courses Im to take next term. （作定語） Many people knew what it is like to have their blood pressure taken but few understand the meaning of the numbers used to record blood pressure. （作賓語） He doesnt mind what people think of him

35、. （作賓補）,連接代詞型名詞性從句中，what相當于一個名詞加一個定語從句，如the thing (s) that, those that等，意為“所的東西”，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、插入語等。 What is troubling me is that I dont have much experience in this kind of work.（what = the thing that, 作主語） Air is to us what water is to fish.（表語） What few friends I have here have been very kind to m

36、e.（what few friends I have = the few friends I have） I will give you what help(=as much help as) I have. （賓語） What has made China what she used to be twenty years ago? （第一個what是特殊疑問句的疑問代詞；第二個what則是連接代詞，引導賓語補足語從句） You may call it whatever you like. （賓語補足語從句）,3.連接副詞when, where, how, why 上述關(guān)系副詞在其所引導的名詞

37、從句中擔當狀語。 We did not know why the meeting was postponed. （why引導賓語從句，why在從句中作原因狀語。） Have you figured out how to repair the violin? （how引導介詞賓語從句，how在從句中作方式狀語。）,引導定語從句時，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式；引導同位語從句時，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式。 例如： I will never forget the day when I joined the army W

38、e have no idea when she was born 在句中，加粗部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which的形式； 在句中，加粗部分是同位語從句， when在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式。,This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward the question where the meeting would be held 在句中，加粗部分是定語從句，where在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in which的形式； 在句中，加粗部分是同位語從句， where在從

39、句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式。,This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent 在句中，加粗部分是定語從句，why在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for which的形式； 在句 中，加粗部分是同位語從句，why在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式。,4. who (what, which, when, where, how) ever的用法 whoever = no matter who (anyone who) 無

40、論誰（任何人） whatever = no matter what (anything that) 無論什么（任何事） whichever = no matter which (anything which) 無論哪個（任何一個） whenever = no matter when (anytime when) wherever = no matter where (any place where) however = no matter how (any way in which),連接代詞或連接副詞后面加上ever表示的是不確定的泛指，意思是“任何、無論”。 試比較： Who will b

41、e the new manager is yet to know. This position will be given to whoever is capable for the job. = This position will be given to anyone who is capable for the job. （在anyone who的結(jié)構(gòu)中，anyone 是先行詞，who引導定語從句修飾anyone。由此得知，who (whom, what, which) ever是包含了先行詞的連接詞，它們只能用于引導名詞性從句，而不能用于引導定語從句。）,另外，這些詞還可以引導讓步狀語

42、從句。 However hard I tried, I still could not open this case. = No matter how hard I tried, I still could not open this case. 不管我怎么試，都打不開這個箱子。,Exercise,After a whole day of hard work, _ was a nice meal and a good rest. A. what I needed B. all what I needed C. that I needed D. which I needed 2. This mo

43、dern city has sprung up in _ was a small fishing village ten years ago. A. that B. what C. which D. where 3. _ team will win the match makes no difference. A. That B. Which C. What D. This,(A),(B),(B),4. The new course is different from the old course _ it contains more examples. A. which B. in that

44、 C. in which D. where 5. It still remains a question _ the final examination will be held. A. when B. that C. why D. which 6. The reason why our company is so strong and successful is _ we have such conscientious employees like you. A. because B. that C. in that D. which,(B),(A),(B),7. I wonder if you know _ to write a book. A. what great pains will it take B. how great pains it will take C. what great pains it will take D. how great pains will it take 8. He is not satisfied with _ his daughter has achi