1、直接引語與間接引語,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,潼南上和中學(xué)校,李熊,Review,賓 語 從 句,引導(dǎo)詞,語序：,時(shí)態(tài)：,that,if/whether,疑問詞,陳述語序,主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可以是需要的任何時(shí)態(tài),主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。,從句如果描述的是客觀真理、科學(xué)理論等則永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,陳述句,一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,直接引語： 直接引述別人的原話.直接引語的前后必須加引號(hào)。,間接引語： 轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語前后不加引號(hào)。,間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句,直接引語與間接引語的定義,直接引語變間接引語可分為三大類：,1

2、）直接引語為陳述句,2）直接引語為疑問句（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句）,3）直接引語為祈使句,直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)， 用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的say, 也可用tell來代替，注意，可以說say that, tell sb. that，不可直接說tell that,陳述句,e.g. He often says,“China is great.” He often says (that) China is great. Tom says,“I am a student.” Tom says (that) he is a student.

3、,He says,“I leave my book in your room” He said (that) he left his book in your room.,一般疑問句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was inter

4、ested in English.,間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞say要改為ask ，語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. “Is he all right?”They cried out. They cried

5、out whether he was all right.,注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if ,whether 可以互換，但句中出現(xiàn)or (not),或放在介詞后作連接詞，只用whether。,特殊疑問句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原

6、來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask(sb. )來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序,直接引語是祈使句，則改為 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 其他變化同上。,祈使句,He said, “Please come here tomorrow.” The teacher said, “Dont talk any more.”,He asked me to go there the next day.,The teacher told us not to talk any more.,）人稱的變化,一 隨 主,二隨賓,三 不 變,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人 稱變間引

7、后與主 句主語的人稱保 持一致,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人 稱變間引后與主 句賓語的人稱保 持一致,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人 稱在變間引后去人 稱不變,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that That they wanted help him,一隨主，二隨賓，三不

8、變,Practice: 1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam. 2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then. 3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student 4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in yo

9、ur room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,his,her,she,he,her,my,1. We want you to take a message for her. said the Greens.,The Greens told me that wanted to take a message for .,2.Are you willing to lend us a hand? she said to him.,She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.,He says

10、,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher. He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” My sister asked me what my friend was. Jack asked me, How do you like the film? J

11、ack asked me how I liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The solider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tel

12、l you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them.,2) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化,He says, I will do it tomorrow” He says that he will do it tomorrow.,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變化,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要做出相應(yīng)的改變,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),不變,一般將來時(shí),過去將來時(shí),1.“ I

13、 am ill today.” said my mother.,My mother said that she ill that day.,2.“We work hard at English.” he said.,was,He said that they hard at English.,worked,1.They said to me, “We are working hard at a company.”,They told me that they at a company.,were working,2.“I am writing a letter now.”she said.,S

14、he said that she a letter then.,was writing,Practice : . John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” John said that he _ reading adventure stories. . She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. . He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that

15、 morning . He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing games over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.,liked,had broken,would,had finished,were,直接引語轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語時(shí)，下列情況下時(shí)態(tài)不變,注意：,.直接引語若表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)， 變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變 .當(dāng)引語中的時(shí)間狀語表示過去某一具體時(shí)間 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)

16、詞時(shí)態(tài)不需改變,1.Our teacher said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”,Our teacher said that light _ much faster than sound.,travels,2.“I graduated in 1966.”My brother said.,My brother said that he in 1966.,graduated,1.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.” 2. My father said to me, “I

17、 was born in 1961.”,The teacher told the students that the earth is round.,My father told me that he was born in 1961.,直接引語中的時(shí)間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：,直接引語中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語中用go:,直接引語中副詞here在間接引語中用there：,直接引語中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則： this變?yōu)閠hat; these變?yōu)閠hose 本來就是that/those則不變。,1. “What does this word mean?” she asked me.,She asked me

18、what word meant.,that,2. “Can you see that map on the wall?” he asked me.,He asked me if I could see map on the wall.,that,3. “Do you like these toys?” Jane asked us.,Jane asked us if we liked toys.,those,4. “Bring those balls to me.” said my sister.,My sister asked us to bring balls to her.,those,1

19、. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had

20、 seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you

21、 looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way th

22、is week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. I had walkedthat week he had walkedthat week I walkedlast week he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would th

23、e next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had hea