1、Book4 Unit 1 語(yǔ)法學(xué)案Subject-Verb Agreement (主謂一致)主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致，主謂語(yǔ)一致需要遵循三個(gè)基本原則: 語(yǔ)法形式一致原則, 語(yǔ)言意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、語(yǔ)法形式一致原則：即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語(yǔ)法一致體現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況：1. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. To see is to believe.Whether well go depends on the weathe

2、r. This book is worth reading.Water is very important for life.歸納：當(dāng)_, _, _, 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 不可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。翻譯以下句子：1）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不容易。_ _2）在太陽(yáng)下看書對(duì)眼睛不好。_ _3）他所說(shuō)的是正確的。_ _2. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，并說(shuō)出主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思。The worker and writer is from Wuhan. The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 歸納：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，如果表示同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_

3、(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))，此時(shí)and后面的名詞_(無(wú)/有)冠詞。如表示不同的人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))，此時(shí)and后面的名詞_(無(wú)/有)冠詞。1) The League secretary and the monitor _ (were/was) asked to make a speech at the meeting. 2) A knife and fork_ (is/are) used to have meals.3) The singer and dancer _ (is/are) giving a performance on the stage.4) The singer and

4、the dancer _(is/are) giving a performance on the stage.3. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Has everybody finished their drinks? Nothing remains of the old house but the cellar hole. 歸納：句子中的everybody 和nothing 是_，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式。相同用法的不定代詞還有something, someone, anything, anybody (即由every，some，any，no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞) 或由each, ev

5、ery構(gòu)成的_短語(yǔ),如each student, every book等。1) Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.2) Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 3) Nothing _is (is/are) better than my delicious food.4) Each of us _ (has / have) a tape-recorder.5) Every student in Class 81 _ (has / have) passe

6、d the mid-term exam.注意，請(qǐng)看以下兩個(gè)例子：Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. Many a man and woman wishes that he or she had a better education. 歸納：兩個(gè)并列的名詞前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然要用 _（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）形式。1) Many a teacher and many a student _the book very much.(enjoy)2) No boy and no girl _

7、it.(like)4、劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 歸納：分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of ，the rest of , the majority of ，half of , some of ，all of ，most of 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與of 后面的名詞或短語(yǔ)保持一致。Ten percent of the pupils _ _ (is/are) absent today.Three-fourths of

8、the surface of the earth _ _( is/are) sea.The majority of the damage _ _ (is/are) easy to repair. The rest of the books _ _ (is/are) on the table. 5、劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)The teacher with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 歸納：主語(yǔ)_和He后面分別接說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)with some students 和_，但謂

9、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持與主語(yǔ)一致的關(guān)系。這種修飾語(yǔ)還有along with，together with，like, than，but，except，besides，including等。1) Everybody except you _ _(looks/look) down upon me. 2) A woman with two children _ _(has/have) come. 3) John, rather than his roommates, _ _ (is/are) to blame. 4) Jim, together with his classmates, _

10、_ (has/have) seen the film. 5) The two little girls, with their lovely panda toy, _(decides/decide) to go to the park.二、語(yǔ)言意義一致原則：即主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。1. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)His family is very large. His family are music lovers. The group is made up of nine students. The

11、 group are dancing happily.歸納：由集體名詞,如group, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, family, audience, club, party, crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)_(各成員/整體)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成_ (其中各成員/整體)，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 1) The class (is, are) more than forty in number.2) The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they

12、 should go and have a picnic. 3) The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.4) The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next years plan. 2. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。 The police are searching for him. 警方正在找他。歸納：表示總稱意義的名詞, 如_，_，p

13、eople， force，folk，beast，youth 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 _形式。 People _ talking about the news.3. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)The species of fish are numerous. 魚的種類很多。 This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀少。歸納：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。此類詞常見的有：species，crossroads， deer，fish， sheep， means， works 。1） All possible means _ ( ha

14、s, have)been tried.(have)2） Every means _ ( has, have)been tried.(have)3） A group of sheep _ (is, are)being chased by wolves. 4） A injured sheep _ (is, are)lying on the grassland. 4. 觀察以下兩個(gè)句子：None of the telephones is/are working. None of the information about him has been received. 歸納:none of 后面如果連

15、接的是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 _(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式；如果后面接的是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用_(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式，也可用_ (單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))形式。1) None of them _ arrived yet. (have) 2) None of this money _ mine. (be) 5. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;1) Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo. A.has B. have C. are D. is 2) One million dollars _is (be) a great su

16、m of money.3) 5500 kilometers _is (be) a very long distance for the two girls riding their bikes.6. 有一些以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用(單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)？)形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等。1) Every means _ been tried since then. A.has B. have C. are D. is 2) No news _ good news. (is / are) 3) Maths /

17、physics _ the subject that I like most. (is / are) 三、就近一致原則：即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。判斷以下句子正誤:1. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)1) He or I am in the wrong.2) Either you or she is good at drawing.3) Neither he nor you is right.4) Not you but I am to blame. 5) Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying

18、 the film. 歸納: 由連詞or, _，neither nor , _, not only .but also .連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2. 劃出下面句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你一支筆，幾個(gè)信封和一些紙。There is a lamp, two pens and six books on the desk. 桌子上有一盞燈，兩支鋼筆和六本書。歸納: 由here， there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其后的主語(yǔ) _； 如果主語(yǔ)是多個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其最相鄰

19、的主語(yǔ) _。練習(xí)：1) Not only you but also he _ wrong. (is/are)2) Neither you nor he _ right. (is/are)3) There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are)4) All but one _ here just now. (were/was)5) A library with five thousand books _ offered to the nation as a gift. (is/are)6) A peasant t

20、ogether with some soldiers _ about to help us. (were/was)綜合練習(xí)：一、 單句改錯(cuò)。1. He as well as I want to go boating._2. There are something wrong with my watch._3. Ten yuan are enough._4. His family is music lovers._5. The majority of the students likes English._6. Many a person have read the novel._7. What

21、 they get and what they have given is related closely._二、單項(xiàng)選擇題。1. Whatweusedtothinkimpossiblenow_possible.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe2.Therich_notalwayshappy.A.is B.are C.has D.have3.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends_totheconcertlastnight.A.hasbeeninvited B.hadbeeninvited C.wereinvited D.wasinvited4. He is one of the students who _ winners