1、初三英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí),主謂一致,【熱身練習(xí)】,1.How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 2.Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 答案：D。該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由not

2、onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞€都沒有回來(lái)，所以用has gone而不用has been。,【考點(diǎn)直擊】,1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則 2. 意義一致的原則 3. 鄰近一致的原則,【重點(diǎn)歸納 】,謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。 主謂一致一般遵循三條原則： 語(yǔ)法一致原則， 意義一致原則， 就近一致原則。,1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則 （1）第三人稱單數(shù) To work hard is necessary for a student. （2）由and或bothand連接，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Both he and

3、 I are right. 但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The poet and writer has come. （3）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)。 Nobody but two boys was late for class. （5） 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。如： A lot of people are dancing outside.,（6）由each, some, any, no, every

4、 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如： Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. （7）有a pair of等量詞，用單數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.,2. 意義一致的原則 （1）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量的名詞，用單數(shù)。Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. （2）有些集合名詞，如famil

5、y, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。 My family is big one. My family are watching TV. （3）由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)，用單數(shù)。 All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.,（4）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。 35 % of t

6、he doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.,3. 鄰近一致的原則 （1）由連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例如： Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. （2）在“There be” 句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. （3）as well as 和名詞連用時(shí),動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。 He as we