1、成才之路 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 必修1,Earthquakes,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,Unit 4,觀察下列句子，寫出黑體詞(關(guān)系代詞)所指代的詞及在定語從句中所作的成分 A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. (指代_，作_) Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost

2、 as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. (指代_，作_) I dont know the girl whom you talked to just now. (指代_，作_),The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (指代_，作_) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (指代_，作_) 答案：crack；主語quake；主語the gir

3、l；賓語 people；主語survivors；定語,一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥 1定義及分類。,This is the film which/that created a great sensation. (which/ that在定語從句中作主語) 這就是那部引起很大轟動(dòng)的電影。 The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. (which/that在定語從句中作賓語) 他們寄給我的書非常好。 The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. (who/that在定語從句中作主語) 偷你汽車的人已經(jīng)被捕

4、獲了。,The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here.(whom/that在定語從句中作賓語) 我見到的那個(gè)人讓我到這里來。 Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (whose在定語從句中作定語) 請把黑色封面的字典遞給我。,名師點(diǎn)津 (1)關(guān)系代詞that可指人，可與關(guān)系詞which/who/whom互換，但是不可直接放在介詞的后面作賓語。 (2)作賓語或表語時(shí)who與whom可互換，若緊跟在介詞后面則使用whom；whom在從句中不作主語。 (3)關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略(與介詞

5、連用時(shí)除外)。 (4)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞。,(5)如果whose所修飾的是無生命的名詞，?？捎谩皌he名詞ofwhich(指物)”或“ofwhichthe名詞”代替“whose名詞”。 This is the office in which I used to work. 這就是我過去工作過的辦公室。 This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) were all painted green. 這就是窗戶都被漆成綠色的那幢樓。,二、難點(diǎn)突破 關(guān)系詞只

6、用that，而不用which或who的情況： 1當(dāng)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時(shí)。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。 2當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 這是我游覽過的最漂亮的公園。,3當(dāng)先行詞被the only，the very, the last修飾時(shí)。 Chatting was th

7、e only thing that interested her. 聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。 4當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。 She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。,5當(dāng)主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)而用that。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰？ 6當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。 Shanghai is no longer the city th

8、at it used to be. 上海已不是過去那個(gè)樣子了。,名師點(diǎn)津 如何選用關(guān)系代詞？ 第一步：找準(zhǔn)先行詞，初步確定所用關(guān)系詞。 第二步：正確分析先行詞與定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系，從而驗(yàn)證所選關(guān)系詞的正確性。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在從句中作狀語，就應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞。 第三步：驗(yàn)證定語從句中的主謂一致性。關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。例如：,He is the only one of the students who knows English. (先行詞是the only one, 后面定語從句謂語用knows)他是唯一懂英語的學(xué)生。 He is one o

9、f the students who know English. (先行詞是the students, 后面定語從句謂語用know)他是懂英語的學(xué)生之一。,.語法單句填空 1John is the boy _ legs were badly injured in the accident. 答案：whose考查定語從句。句意：那個(gè)在車禍中腿嚴(yán)重受傷的男孩是約翰。先行詞the boy和legs是所屬關(guān)系。whose在從句作legs的定語。 2You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this schoo

10、l _ may interest you. 答案：that/which考查定語從句。句意：你可以在網(wǎng)上搜尋你感興趣的關(guān)于這所學(xué)校的評論和新聞報(bào)道。分析從句成分可知關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。,3The most interesting book _ I want to read is Howls moving castle. 答案：that考查定語從句。句意：我想讀的最有趣的書是哈爾的移動(dòng)城堡。先行詞book被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that，而不用which。 4The engineer _ my father works with is about 50 years old. 答案：w

11、hom/who考查定語從句。句意：和我父親一起工作的那個(gè)工程師大約50歲了。分析從句成分可知，從句中缺少with的賓語，先行詞為the engineer。,5Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? 答案：that/which考查定語從句。句意：你還記得我們?nèi)齻€(gè)月前參觀過的養(yǎng)雞場嗎？先行詞為the chicken farm，從句中visit缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。 6Effective measures _ will prevent the spread of the new disease sh

12、ould be taken in time. 答案：that/which考查定語從句。句意：應(yīng)該及時(shí)采取有效的措施來阻止這種新疾病的蔓延。先行詞為effective measures，從句中缺主語。,7They talked about their classmates and things _ they still remembered in middle school. 答案：that考查定語從句。句意：他們談?wù)摿怂麄円廊挥浀玫闹袑W(xué)的同學(xué)和事情。先行詞為classmates and things，先行詞表示人和物，關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which。 8The Sound of Music

13、 is the first English film _ I have ever seen. 答案：that考查定語從句。句意：音樂之聲是我看過的第一部英語電影。先行詞是English film，前面有序數(shù)詞the first修飾，故關(guān)系詞用that而不用which。,9Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 答案：who；who考查定語從句。句意：一天喝兩杯咖啡的婦女患心臟病的幾率比不喝咖啡的婦女要高。此句

14、中包含兩個(gè)定語從句，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都作主語，不能省略。 10In the end, she decided to sell the house _ windows were almost all broken. 答案：whose考查定語從句。句意：最后，她決定把窗戶幾乎都?jí)牧说姆孔淤u掉。先行詞the house和windows是所屬關(guān)系，whose在從句中作定語。whose windowsof which the windows。,11The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers _

15、 are currently employed in Guangdong Province. 答案：who考查定語從句。句意：月薪的增加將會(huì)讓2,300多萬在廣東省打工的流動(dòng)工人受益。先行詞為more than 23 million migrant workers，從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who。 12Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters. 答案：that/which考查定語從句。句意：熊經(jīng)常把自己藏在獵人發(fā)現(xiàn)不了的地方。先行詞是places，從句中缺少主語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。,1

16、3The reason _ she gave for her being late was _ she was caught in a traffic jam. 答案：that/which；that考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：她給出的遲到的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行詞，且在從句中作gave的賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。第二個(gè)空是表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且從句中不缺成分，故應(yīng)用that。,14Do you have anything _ you want to say at the meeting? 答案：that考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。句意：在會(huì)議上你還有什么要說的嗎？先行詞是

17、不定代詞anything，從句中缺少say的賓語。 15Do you know the man _ the little girl is turning to for help? 答案：whom/who句意：你知道小女孩正在尋求幫助的那個(gè)人是誰嗎？,.選用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空 1The boy _ saved your grandma is my neighbor. 2He is the man _ I saw yesterday. 3The book _ I bought yesterday is on English grammar. 4Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 5All _ can be eaten has been eaten up. 6This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our school.,7The first place _ they visited in Guili