1、英 語 高 考 語法 講 解,(虛擬語氣專題),一、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣(if 引導) 二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣 四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣,定義:,虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。,虛擬語氣的主要內容:,1. 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句 if 從句 主句 現在 過去式 would (should, could, might)+動原 將來 同上 過去 had done would (should, could, might)+ hav

2、e done,過去式,should+動原,were to+動原,考題點擊： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. we

3、re, would prevent D. were, would have prevented 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask,學習虛擬條件句還要注意以下4點：,（1）省略if 若虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should 時，可省略 if 而將 were, had, should 移到句首。如： （1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask h

4、im about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, （2）_ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live,（2）錯綜時間虛擬條件句 虛擬條件句與主句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間有時不一致，要注意主從句謂語形式。 考題 It is hard for me

5、to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall,1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.,2.You would be much b

6、etter now if you had taken my advice.,錯綜時間虛擬條件句,3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虛擬： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I woul

7、d not be alive now.,（3）含蓄虛擬條件句,Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,She would leave her husband except for children. 如果沒有孩子的話,她就會離開她的丈夫的,考題點擊： 1.I went by plane; otherwis

8、e I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken,D,2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,D,3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not ha

9、ve been begun C. had not begun D. would not have begun,D,if only,過去完成時,一般過去時,對過去虛擬,對現在虛擬,could + 完成時,（4）if only 從句 if only 若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. I

10、f only he had arrived in time.,would /could/might +動詞原形,對將來虛擬,比較if only與only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考題 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,B,2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would

11、 not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain),C,二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,1.wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示 與事實相反的愿望。其表達形式一般是將從句的謂 語動詞退后一個時態(tài)。例如: 1)與現在事實相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)與過去事實相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I ha

12、d been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)與將來事實相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me.,2. 在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式。“should”可以省略。 常見的動詞有:一個堅持insist; 兩個命令order, command ; 三條建議suggest , advise, propose; 六項要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desir

13、e, 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 時 insist表堅持認為時不用虛擬語氣,He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.,考題點擊： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take 2. It is strange t

14、hat he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣,基本句型： 1. It be+過去分詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+,過去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded,

15、 arranged, desired, advised,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.,2. It be+形容詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+ 形容詞:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (should ) have a wal

16、k now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient. How strange that you should not have heard it! It is quite natural that she should succeed.,3. It be+名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動詞原形+,It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel. 你得在旅

17、館里度過一天看來是一件遺憾的事情.,It is a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street. 小孩們得在街上乞討,這是一件嚴重的可恥的事.,It is no wonder that she should not write to you. 她不給你寫信一點也不奇怪.,四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中 要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形

18、。,My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.,1)表語從句:,2)同位語從句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考題點擊： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.he

19、lp D.had helped 3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,as if/as though,過去完成時,一般過去時,Would /could/might +動詞原形,對過去虛擬,對現在虛擬,對將來虛擬,They talked as if they had been friends for years. She takes care of the orphan as if he were her

20、own child. It is so cool as if it were autumn. She looks as though he had been ill. It looks as if it might rain.,五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣,用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,為防止起見)和in case引導的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或動詞原形。,1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took his raincoat with him lest it shoul

21、d rain. 3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold. 4. Heres some money in case you should need it.,lest /for fear that/ in case,+ 句子(should +動詞原形),考題點擊： 1. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. He took away the oxygen

22、 tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode,C,C,幾種特殊句式的虛擬語氣:,would rather + do something(寧愿做某事),would rather+ 句子(虛擬),過去完成時,一般過去時,一般過去時,對過去虛擬,對現在虛擬,對將來虛擬,I would rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come t

23、omorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. Id rather she hadnt done that.,It is (high, about,low) time that,一般過去時,should + 動詞原形,此處的should一般不省略,注意: 此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別:,It is time for somebody to do something. It is the first time that從句 現在完成時 It was the first time that從句 過去完成時,It is time for us to have dinn

24、er. It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.,It is the first that he have gone there. It was the first time that he had gone there.,Would you mind + if從句中謂語動詞一般用一般過去時.,Would you mind if I opened the window? 如果我打開窗戶, 你不反對嗎? Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽煙你不介意吧?,注意: would you mind doing sth. Would you

25、mind my smoking?,高考鏈接:1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come (MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken (MET95)3. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove