1、,我國著名翻譯家嚴(yán)復(fù)對寫作及翻譯提出來“信，達(dá)，雅”三字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 這個“雅”的一個體現(xiàn)是： 修飾語,修飾語理解的原則,* “右到左”原則： “M+of+N+of+M” (No.2) (No.1) 1)Petroleum is the largest source of liquid fuel. 2)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.,“先看本質(zhì)”原則： “表事物本質(zhì)的詞 描述其他的（顏色，新舊

2、，大小等）” 1）its recognition could significantly contribute to the new international economic order if it leads to a wide acceptance of the need for structural adjustment in the short-,medium-,and long-term by all economies. 2) Hitler realized ,as the confidential German papers and subsequent events mak

3、e clear ,that Chamberlains action was a godsend to him. 3)All competent university scientists should be supported to the works of their own choice.,練練吧,1)Many pepole believe, hovwever,that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. 2)Next ,we instituted the largest programme of educat

4、ional expansion that the country has ever seen. 3)it is a document which must be considered as positive support for the second United Nations Development Decade. 4)What is called “modern civilization”is not the result of a balanced development of all mans nature ,but of accumulated knowledge applied

5、 to practical life.,使用修飾語時的時候,我們出現(xiàn)的錯誤： 誤置修飾語（misplaced modifiers） 懸置修飾語（dangling modifiers）,誤置（misplaced modifiers）,做定語或狀語的詞，短語必須盡可能靠近所修飾的成分 1)Please give the book to the boy with blue cover. Please give the book with blue cover to the boy. 2)He sold the old car to the man with leather seats. He sol

6、d the old car with leather seats to the man. 3)The robber was described as a six-foot tall man with a mustanche weighing 150pounds. as a 150pounds ,six-foot tall man with a mustanche 4)The equipment without the accessories sold the best. sold the best without the accessories,Eg .We agreed on the nex

7、t day to make the adjustments.,“看我變身”： 1. We agreed to make the adjustments on the next day . 2. We agreed that on the next day we would make the adjustments . 3. on the next day,we agreed to make the adjustments 4. on the next day,we agreed we would make the adjustments .,特別注意這些副詞的位置：,always , even

8、 ,hardly, just, merely, nearly, often ,only, scarcely - 修飾語一般放在被修飾的詞前，否則不合邏輯，甚至改變句意。,懸置（dangling modifiers）,與句子主語不能構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系的修飾語。 To write the proposal, research must be done. To write the proposal, the professor must first do some research.,1）懸置分詞 a) Looking up at the sky,the sun went under a cloud. L

9、ooking up ay the sky,he saw the sun go under a cloud. b) Reading ,the doorbell rang, Reading ,Liu heard the doorbell ring.,2)懸置動名詞,By installing a birthday ,the birds were given a source of water. By installing a birthday , we gave the birds a source of water. b)After finishing the research ,the pap

10、er was easy to write. After finishing the research ,I find the paper easy to write.,3)懸置不定式,*To ski properly ,a source of instruction is necessary. To write well, good books must be read. & To ski properly ,a beginner should take a source of instruction. To write well, I must read good books.,4)懸置從句,While climbing the hill ,the rain began to fall. -she felt the rain beginning to fall *When only a small boy ,my father took me with him to Chiacgo. - When I was only a small boy -,“秘籍”,找出句子中隱含的主語，對修飾的短語提供行為者，既承擔(dān)動作行為的人或物 （直接，“九陽真