1、Unit 1 Getting along with others,Grammar,Grammar,A faithful friend is hard to find. The only way to have a friend is to be one. It is better to be alone than in bad company.,Look at following sentences, pay attention to the words in red.,To-infinitive,知音難覓。 交友的唯一方法是自己必須夠朋友。 與惡友交不如獨(dú)處。,Functions of to

2、-infinitive 1)Subject of a sentence To find a best friend is difficult. To talk with your mouth full is rude. To become a lawyer was his childhood dream. We also can change this sentence into: It is difficult to find a best friend. It is rude to talk with your mouth full. It was his childhood dream

3、to become a lawyer.,Should not be too long,動(dòng)詞不定式和不定式短語做主語時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為： It is +形容詞或名詞（或詞組）+不定式短語 這時(shí)的形容詞常為easy, difficult, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, necessary, impossible, important 等。名詞或詞組常為a fact, a great day, a great thing, a pity 等。,Tip:,動(dòng)詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞（副詞

4、）連用，在句中做主語。如： 如何處理垃圾是個(gè)問題。 _ is a problem.,How to deal with the rubbish,Tip:,2)Object I need to sleep for eight hours every night. I like to read newspaper articles about sports. Amy wants to know more about the film. *Verbs that can be followed by the to-infinitive: want, hope, wish, like, begin, st

5、art, try, need, forget, agree, know, learn, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, fail, manage, prepare, ask, hate, prefer, mean, choose, expect, etc.,1. I couldnt decide _. (買哪哪一個(gè)) 2.Ask him _. (想干什么) 3.I learn _. (怎么說英語),which one to buy,what to do,how to speak English,3)Object complement I

6、ask him to come over. Tell Jack to close the window, please. Id like you to do the job rather than Tom.,動(dòng)詞+賓語+帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的這類動(dòng)詞（詞組）有ask, teach, tell, want, like, ask for, wait for, advise, invite, have, warn, wish, get等,我們看男孩子們踢足球。 _. The boss made _ (讓工人們在雨中工作）in the rain.,the workers work,We w

7、atched the boys play football,eg.,4)Attribute I have a very important meeting to attend. I have a lot of homework to do. He is looking for an apartment to live in.,To-infinitive is put after the noun phrase that it modifies.,注1: 用作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式可以改變成定語從句。 I have a very important meeting that I have to att

8、end. I have a lot of homework that I have to do. He is looking for an apartment that he can live in. 注2: 動(dòng)詞不定式用作定語時(shí)可以放在一些名詞的后面。如： attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need and opportunity.,5)Predicative His intention was to cheer me up. My wish is to

9、 be a doctor. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.,My job is to help the patient.,eg.,6)Adverbial My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me. (showing purpose) Sam was lucky to catch the first bus that morning. (showing reason),注：動(dòng)詞不定式也可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)。 * Things seem to be getting

10、 better. * John pretended not to have seen me. * When his mother came in, the little boy quickly closed his eyes and pretended to be sleeping. * Tom pretended to have left his homework at home.,Basic forms of to-infinitive,The boss made the employees work ten hours a day. I often hear him sing in th

11、e next room. You had better not be late. I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left.,Look at following sentences, pay attention to the words in red.,Bare infinitive,Functions of bare infinitive 1)We use the bare infinitive after: * let and make and sometimes have I let her borrow

12、 my book. She made me promise to write every day. The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.,* verbs of perception: feel, hear, see and watch I saw her talk to her new friends. He stood there and watched the passengers go by. 注：動(dòng)詞observe, notice也有這種功能。如： Did you notice anyone enter the

13、house? Jerry likes to observe the stars move in the sky at night.,* Would rather, had better and why not I would rather go swimming. You had better tidy your bedroom. Why not visit your cousin in Japan? 2)When two infinitives are joined by and, or, expect, but, than, rather than, we normally use the

14、 bare infinitive for the second infinitive. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film? I decided to write rather than phone.,Consolidation,Turn to page 9 and complete the letter. Retell the letter to your partner, using your own language.,Homework,C1 on page 100 in Workbook. 2. Relevant exercises i

15、n Unit Revision.,As a young fashion model, she was not yet used _ in public. A. to be looked at B. to being looked at C. being looked at D. to look at,I remember putting the bike in front of the building, but it is nowhere _. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. to be finding,-Does your brother i

16、ntend to study German? -Yes, he intends _. A. C. so D. that,B. to,He gave us some advice on how_ English. A. learning B. learned D. learn,C. to learn,Mrs. Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive,To master a foreig

17、n language, _. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,Eddie is said _ a new computer program recently, but I dont know when she will finish it. A. to design B. to be designing C. to have been designing D. to have designed,-Do you have anything more _, sir? -No. You may have a rest or do something else. A. typing C. typed D. to type,B. to b