1、大學(xué)英語四級講座寫作專題,2,四級考試時間分配,寫作 30mins,快速閱讀 15mins,聽力 35mins,仔細(xì)閱讀（包括選詞填空和篇章閱讀）25mins,完型和改錯二選一15mins,翻譯和簡答二選一5mins,3,4,應(yīng)對策略,同學(xué)們最擔(dān)心的是聽力選項的預(yù)覽時間，從表中可以看出，在9：55-10：00之間收答題卡一和最后試音時間時可以預(yù)覽聽力部分的選項， 建議考生要充分利用這段時間掃描passage部分的選項，弄清三篇文章的主題，至于短對話第一題的四個選項在播音前6秒看還來得及。,5,注意作文和快速閱讀后要收答題卡一，然后才能開始做后面的試題。學(xué)生平常練習(xí)時應(yīng)注意每部分時間的控制，在規(guī)

2、定的時間內(nèi)完成規(guī)定的項目，不要跨區(qū)做題，這樣才能適應(yīng)新四級的考場要求。 注意寫作文的時候，沒有試題冊，這樣會避免考生從試題冊中尋找相關(guān)的英語表達抄到作文中。,6,做翻譯題時，試題冊已經(jīng)收上去，避免考生從試題冊中找單詞的拼寫或習(xí)慣用語。 新四級考試，題型多樣，題量大時間緊，但考生只要在考場上合理有效的利用好時間，在考試結(jié)束時，能順利答完所有的題目，一定會取得滿意的成績。,大綱解讀,考查方式 考試的第一部分 將直接影響以后的做題 字?jǐn)?shù)在120字以上，時間為30分鐘。 客觀來看，平均每分鐘4個單詞， 寫作真的那么難嗎？難在何處？ 所占分值比例為15% 不可放棄，為六級和考研英語打下堅實的基礎(chǔ) 選用考

3、生所熟悉的題材。考生根據(jù)規(guī)定的題目和所提供的提綱、情景、圖片或圖表等。 我們都具體考過哪些題材？那類文章呢？,寫作要求 寫作部分要求考生用英語進行短文寫作，思想表達準(zhǔn)確，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作部分考核的技能是： A 思想表達 表達中心思想 表達重要或特定信息 表達觀點、態(tài)度等 B 篇章組織 圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點 連貫地組句成段，組段成篇 C 語言運用 運用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯 運用正確的語法 運用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu) 使用正確的標(biāo)點符號 使用銜接手段表達句間關(guān)系（如對比、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的等） D 寫作格式 運用正確的符合英語表達習(xí)慣的寫作格式,9,一、考核要求,四六級大學(xué)英語

4、寫作考試時間均為30分鐘，分值占總分的15% 四級要求考生寫出一篇不少于120詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫;或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。 要求能夠正確表達思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識。短文寫作部分的目的是測試學(xué)生運用英語書面表達思想的初步能力。,高分守則 好的開始是成功的一半 3-5分鐘冷靜構(gòu)思提綱、關(guān)鍵詞語或句型避免思維“短路” 清晰整潔至關(guān)重要 卷面整潔、書寫流暢、段落分明、標(biāo)點清楚 詞數(shù)限制心中有數(shù) 在規(guī)定次數(shù)范圍內(nèi)完成文章；寫得越多，缺點越多 獎勵分“分分必爭” 文章整體完整合理，負(fù)荷大綱要求，句子段落

5、前街緊密，語言表達有亮點 小細(xì)節(jié)不放過 避免低級語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，以免因小失大,11,二、大學(xué)英語四級作文評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn),首先，卷面一定要清晰、干凈、整潔。不要亂涂亂畫，若有刪節(jié)，在文字的中間畫道橫線 第二，段落按要求寫，要求寫幾段就寫幾段。一般情況下，中間一段長，開首段和結(jié)尾段較短，讓人第一感覺就是內(nèi)容充實 第三，開好頭，結(jié)好尾。 第四，按要求的字?jǐn)?shù)寫，可以比要求的字?jǐn)?shù)稍微多一點。字?jǐn)?shù)少了給人的感覺是缺乏內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)太多了，文章顯得繁瑣，閱卷老師心理會煩，你的分?jǐn)?shù)會受影響。,12,評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，但 多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。 5分基本切題。表達思想

6、不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤 8分基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯 誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。 11分切題。表達思想清楚、文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。 14分切題。表達思想清楚、文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語言 錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤。 注：只寫一段者：04分；只寫兩段者：09分(按規(guī)定寫三段的作文),評分方法 CET作文題采用總體評分方法。閱卷人員按總的印象給分，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。 從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達思想，語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。 一般來說，閱卷老師在10秒鐘內(nèi)就會根據(jù)第一印象

7、給出分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，進而確定具體分?jǐn)?shù)。該分?jǐn)?shù)一般在印象分基礎(chǔ)上下浮動10%。,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modem World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph. Your part of the c

8、omposition should be at least 120 words not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet. Women in the Modern World 1.Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. 2.With the changes in their social role ,womens

9、 position in the family has been improved as well. 3.In spite of these changes ,the liberation of women has not been completely realized.,Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Long ago ,women only did something in the kitchen or at home. Now man

10、y of them have serious jobs to serve for people. What men can do so can women. With the changes in their social role, womems position in the family has been improved as well. Today in the family, the wife often lots her husband to do something at home tat ago, only women did something. Men are foned

11、 of doing something at home. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Sometimes, the matter, the husband hitting his wilf, often happened. In the factory the women do as much as the men, but the liberation of women.,評分：2分 評語：該文章除所抄起始句外，幾乎一無是處，尤其是從第二段起，完全放手

12、胡寫，詞不達意，不知所云。,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In today, many women have a work. They worked as well as men playing an important part in factories. There are many women in government also. They lead other people country, and make out plans. There are many women scie

13、ntist slso. They event new things to improve our life. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. In ancient womens position in family is bity. They had to looks after their children, did every how husband ordered her to do .But now it is changed.

14、 They are equal to her husband. They have the right of speaking of idea, discussion thing with her husband, do what she wants to do. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. We also should realize, women liberty are limited. For example, many factories wan

15、t men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men. Everyone should do their best to change this condition. Im sure, the liberation of women should be increased.,評分：5分 評語：基本切題，但語言基本功差，存在大量語言錯誤。如：They lead other people country.(不估作者想說什么)；many women scientist slso (scienitst不知道加“s”也還罷了，

16、只是不知單詞slso從何而來)；They event new things(event想來應(yīng)為invent之筆誤)，等等。,Women are playing an increasing important part in society today. Many women today are playing an important part at works that was thought only could be done by the men before. For an example, some women are not secretary in the office, in

17、stead, they become manager of a company. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. In the world today, more and more women have their own job. They get their own salary, and become more independent from their husband. With the economic situation

18、improved, their family position is improving. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Many husbands only want his wife to stay at home, and do house works or do some shopping. They only want their wife to be a houswife, but not a manager of a company.,評分：

19、8分 評語：基本切題語言也比較連貫作者想要表達的思想還算清楚，但仍有一些較大錯誤，如：more and more women have their own job(許多婦女只一個job?)；Many husbands only want his wife do house works.(許多丈夫們共有一個wife,而且讓她干家里的“works”,“著作”?),Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. More and more women go to work to earn money instead

20、 of keeping the house or looking after the children. Women have entered many fields of society including scientific field. As we know, many women sports teams have won the worlds champions such as Chinese womens Volleyball Team. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family ha

21、s been improved as well. Husbands are not the masters of wives in many places, Husbands and wives are equal now. They join together to overcome difficulties and share happiness. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Also in some places ,women are consid

22、ered being “thing” belong to men. They have little chance to find jobs. They dont get equal pay for equal job. This is a problem must be solved not only by society but also by women themselves.,評分：11分 評語：切題，思想表達清楚，連貫，雖有個別錯誤，但未影響整體意思的表述。如后一句This is a problem must be solved(就是結(jié)構(gòu)上的一個重大錯誤：名詞problem后面，應(yīng)跟

23、一個定語從句，但該句既沒有引導(dǎo)詞，又欠缺主語，形不成一個從句)。,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In many countries, more and more women are acting as workers, farmers, scientists and even leaders. We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectly by women. Women are no longer lo

24、oked down upon by society. With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. Husband and wife are now equal in the family. They cope with problems of daily life together, and share happiness with each other. Also, you can hardly find out that in todays f

25、amilies, women are being busy with dinners, whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs, reading newspapers. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. A number of men still jealously guard their rights, and regard women as incapable creature. Few women

26、 are allowed to attend important international meetings dominated by men. Thats really the problems we should solve immediately.,評分：14分 評語：切題：語言流暢，用詞適當(dāng)，句子也有一定變化，雖有個別小錯，但不影響意思的表達。,2分 一塌糊涂 5分 稀里糊涂 8分 馬馬虎虎 11分 清清爽爽 14分 漂漂亮亮,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on

27、 the topic: It Pays to Be Honest . You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: It Pays to Be Honest 1.當(dāng)前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象 2.誠實利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠實,Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen s

28、ell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams. Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers wont buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest pe

29、ople gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it i

30、s easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honour. So it is important that we should be honest.,Nowadays,

31、many people choose not to be honest in our modern society. We almost can find such things every day of our life: some students cheat in the exam for higher marks; some corporations tell wrong data to the public in order to get more investment; and some doctors treat their patients with unnecessary a

32、nd expensive medicines in order to make money, sometimes damaged the patients health, even their life. Seeing this situation, I think it must be changed. Being honest will benefit not only others, but also ourselves. First, your honesty will make others willing to trust you. Second, being honest can

33、 lead you to face your problem bravely, which helps to solve it. And the last, honesty surely helps to make the society more harmony. So, I think everyone should start to be honest and everyone should have the idea that our society can not do without honesty.,In our modern social life, there are man

34、y examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even ones closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist? Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in

35、 the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others, we will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, well feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others,

36、friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again! So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Lets create a morally outstanding social,With the development of modem economic and industry., competitive is becoming more and more ob

37、vious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly. Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the perservation date. Not throw them away, they revised the perservation date, and sale

38、d them again after several days. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality. From the foregoing, we can see that dishonest does not only harm to yourselves but also harm

39、 to others. And it is no use only realise the harmness of dishonest. We should be honest from now on and be honest in our daily life. It is only that people all over the world are honest then our country will be beautiful and wealthy.,Now in our society, many people are not honest in doing soming, w

40、e often can meet with soming happened cause by people who are not honest. For example, Now we take the bus need carry cents own, and when you upstairs the bus, you should put the cent into the money box. Every people do that, but some of the people put the other things instead the cents. For another

41、 example, it is more normal that in the exams we can always find some students see others. I consider that every people should be honest. As a people, honest should be first, because it can make us to be increase and make our society develop. In doing every thing we should be honest all, study, work

42、, life and so on. If you are honest, every people will be friend to you, and who will regard you are good people. But if you dont be honest, people must unwilling to trath with you. So if you are want to be a good people, remember honest first.,1. 滔滔不絕“意識流”,有一部分考生在考試時一見到作文題，便感到很對自己的胃口，覺得有很多內(nèi)容要寫。于是乎千

43、言萬語涌上心頭，寫著前一句想著后一句。往往前句尚未寫完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦寫了一大堆（甚至有寫11個自然段的）猶覺余意未盡。結(jié)果令判卷的老師頭疼不己，無法繼續(xù)往下看。 意識流創(chuàng)作有兩種表現(xiàn)：自由分段語言雜亂,三、英語寫作困境與對策,33,我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個段落：一篇120詞左右的作文一般不會超過12句話，把這12句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大約只說那么幾句話，絕不多說。 事實上往往是說得越多，錯誤越多。因此，跟著提綱走，每一段不要寫得太多，點到為止，見好就收，這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對策。,對策:,34,2. 真情流露沒必要,考試時，監(jiān)考老師通常發(fā)現(xiàn)有的考生坐在那里根本就是在

44、玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的偉大哲理；他在那里要想出一個觀點，想出一個理由，想出一個措施，非要顯得與眾不同。陷入這種境地的考生，顯然犯了一個根本性的錯誤。參考時間為30分鐘的作文，一般應(yīng)該在25分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘的時間檢查語言錯誤。 不管原因也好，措施也好，某一考生想到的任何一點，很可能命題人早已料到，而且肯定會被成千上萬的考生重復(fù)無數(shù)遍。因而曾經(jīng)令自己激動一時的想法，在判卷的老師看來全無感覺。規(guī)定式作文的拓展空間本來就非常有限，所以“真情流露”是沒有必要的。,35,對策 ：,寫作的三個角度：語言第一位；結(jié)構(gòu)第二位；內(nèi)容第三位 要求：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，語言卓越，內(nèi)容只要相關(guān)即可,36,3. 用詞貧

45、乏，句式單一,許多考生的作文錯誤倒不多，相當(dāng)符合語法要求，但用詞貧乏，過多使用如more and more, I think, as you know等表達，并且句子結(jié)構(gòu)過于簡單。 統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明，差的作文中簡單句多，而好的作文簡單句少；差的作文從句、連詞、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率大大低于好的作文；差的作文中關(guān)鍵詞和同義表達出現(xiàn)的頻率低于好的作文。用詞的豐富和句式的多樣應(yīng)該主要通過多看好文章，仔細(xì)琢磨好文章中的用詞和句子來提高。換句話說，也就是要從閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)寫作。,37,四級寫作中如何選詞,We should use different ways to get to know the society.

46、 We ought to make use of various methods to get to know the society. We are supposed to take advantage of diverse means to get to know the society.,38,選詞的基本原則,盡量用四級范圍內(nèi)的積極的,活躍的，常用的詞或詞組 盡量用表達最貼切,最生動,最有力的詞或短語 盡量用最符合所寫話題,所用文體的詞或表達,39,四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：,可供“調(diào)遣”的詞匯量貧乏，用詞大部分局限于中 學(xué)詞匯。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“im

47、portant”這個單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant, vital, crucial, critical， etc 表達相近意義時，常重復(fù)用一個詞，用詞單調(diào)。 比如， Big =great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc.,40,策略,調(diào)動大學(xué)期間學(xué)過的更生動，更豐富的詞匯表達意思。比如，引起、導(dǎo)致- cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth to 用具體，生動，有針對性的詞語。 比如，利用 use, make use of, make

48、 (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full) advantage of 文中如需要多次表達同一詞義時，以同義詞，近義詞等避免重復(fù)使用同一詞。比如，適應(yīng)- adapt to, adjust to, makefit, get used to, be accustomed to,41,30個最經(jīng)典的替換詞,42,1. individuals,characters, folks 代替 (people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，pe

49、rfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding 代替 good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad 如果 bad 做表語，可以有 be less impressive 代替 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approache

50、s to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.,43,4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many, if not most) 代替 many. 注：用many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理用most, if not all ,代替most. 5: a sl

51、ice of, quiet a few , several代替some,44,6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因為是書面語，所以要加that) 7. affair, business ,matter 代替 thing 8. shared 代 common 9. reap huge fruits代替get much benefit 10. for my

52、part ,from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion,45,11. Increasingly), growing 代替more and more。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時用 increasing/growing. 修飾形容詞，副詞用 increasingly (注意沒有g(shù)rowingly 這種形式. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12. little if anything,或 little or no

53、thing 代替 hardly 13. benefitial rewarding代替helpful 14.shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 代替customer 15. exceedingly,extremely代替very,46,16. hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable .代替 necessary, inevitable 17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替 sb take interest in 18. cap

54、ture ones attention 代替 attract ones attention. 19. facet, dimension, sphere 代 aspect 20. be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear,47,21. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger代替cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth代替.reasons for sth 23. desire 代替 want.

55、 24. pour attention into 代替 pay attention to 25. bear in mind that 代替 remember,48,26. enjoy, possess 代替 have (注意process是過程的意思) 27. interaction 代替 communication 28. frown on sth 代替 be against , disagree with sth 29. to name only a few, as an example 代替 for example,49,四級寫作中如何造句,50,善用詞組,如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進

56、一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。 比如上面所說的“重要的”這個單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會想到“be of importance”。因為，語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個形容詞的名詞形式。 如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個常用的詞組叫做“play an important role in-”。,51,句型多樣,簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)如：插入語，倒裝句，強調(diào)句，非謂語動詞，疑問句等。 若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句式變化及句子類型，可通過對泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子的背誦提高

57、應(yīng)用語言基本句型的能力。 要善于模仿。Imitation is a good way to learn.,52,適當(dāng)用代替主動，這樣能更客觀的反映事實,句子開頭不要總是用we / I (比如寫結(jié)尾時不用 we should pay attention to 而用 Attention should be paid to. ) 舉個經(jīng)典結(jié)尾2004年六月四級作文的最后一段： It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. T

58、hus，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.,被動句,53,插入語,一種是有兩個逗號之間引起的成分稱之為插入語 第二種是有兩個半破折號引起的成分稱之為插入語。 Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city. Other people may give us instrumental support financial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us res

59、olve and cope with our problems.,54,比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語、動詞或者助動詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號。 如,however / therefore /for example/I believe做插入語放在中間，一般放在動詞，助動詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號。 比如說：other individuals, however, take the attitude that,55,Only + 時間狀語 Ex: Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future. Only + 介詞詞組 Ex: Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency