1、八、數(shù)詞和主謂一致,語法精講,一、數(shù)詞 考點一基數(shù)詞 1.注意幾個不規(guī)則的基數(shù)詞的寫法。如:eleven,twelve,thirteen, fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 等。 2.英語中的數(shù)量以三位為一個單位,一般對應(yīng)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的寫法每三位 加一個逗號,分別是thousand,million和 billion。如:ten thousand=10,000;one hundred million=100,000,000。,3.數(shù)詞 hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 表示確切數(shù)目 時不加-s,但若表示不確切

2、數(shù)目時,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,與of構(gòu)成短語。如:一 萬:ten thousand;成千上萬的: tens of thousands of;兩打雞蛋:two dozen eggs;許多雞蛋:dozens of eggs。 We got two hundred story-books. 我們買了兩百本故事書。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有好幾百人。 4.年代及年齡表達(dá)法 表示“某人幾十歲”時,用“in ones+逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”,而“十幾 歲”不可表示為tens,而要說成teens;表示“世紀(jì)年代”時,用 “in the+逢十的年數(shù)后加s

3、或s”。如: in his twenties 在他20多歲時 in the 1990s/1990s 在20世紀(jì)90年代,考點二序數(shù)詞 1.序數(shù)詞前面一般加the,多數(shù)序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。如:the fifteenth;以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變化時,先把y改成i,再加-eth。如: twentieth。注意幾個不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞的寫法。如:first,second, third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等。 2.序數(shù)詞常可縮寫,其形式為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母。如: 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th。 3.小數(shù) 小數(shù)點用po

4、int表示,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)用個位基數(shù)詞表示。如:0.567zero point five six seven。 4.分?jǐn)?shù) 分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,如果分子大于1,分母需加-s。 如:1/5one fifth/one-fifth;3/4three fourths/three- fourths。,5.百分?jǐn)?shù) 百分號用percent (per cent)或 % 表示。如: 19.56 %nineteen point five six percent。 二、主謂一致 考點一謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 1.單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式或單個從 句等作主語時。 Swimming i

5、s helpful in shaping your body. 游泳有助于塑形。 To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個孩子是我今天下午的工作。 Whatever was left was taken away. 任何剩下的東西都被拿走了。,特別提示 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;若表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。,2.由and連接的并列成分指同一概念作主語時。 The worker and writer is fr

6、om Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 3.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前有every,each,no,many a時。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 4.“More than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,盡管從意義上是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語 動詞用單數(shù)形式。 More than one student was chosen to compete in the contest. 不止一個學(xué)生被選中去

7、參加競賽。,5.each,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something, anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing等不定代詞作主 語時。 Everyone has his own interest. 每個人都有自己的興趣。 Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 世上無難事,只怕有心人。 6.“one/each/every one/any one/either/each one/the number+of+復(fù) 數(shù)名詞”作主語時。 E

8、ach of the students has a book. 每個學(xué)生都有一本書。 7.“the+形容詞”表示一類抽象的事物時。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新事物總會取代舊事物。,考點二謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1.由and,both.and連接的并列成分表示兩個不同的概念作主語時。 What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都賣完了。 2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語時。

9、People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。 3.“the+形容詞或分詞”表示一類人時。 The old are living a happy life now. 老年人現(xiàn)在過著幸福的生活。,特別提示 若這類名詞前有pair of等修飾時,其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于pair等的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。,4.“(large) quantities/amounts of+名詞”作主語時。 In the past,quantities of waste water were sent into this river.在過去,大量

10、的廢水被排放到這條河中。 5.clothes,trousers,shorts,jeans,glasses,scissors,compasses等只 有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時。 My trousers have been washed already. 我的褲子已經(jīng)洗了。,考點三其他情況 1.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party, crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語,強 調(diào)整體時用單數(shù),強調(diào)個體成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in C

11、hina is very large and about 50% of the population live in rural areas. 中國人口很多,其中約50%的人住在農(nóng)村。 The whole family are discussing how to spend this weekend. 全家人在討論如何度過這個周末。 2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時,謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定,這類詞 有:means,deer,fish,sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.為解

12、決這個問題,每種方法都試過了,但沒有一個有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌 生人交流有很多方法。,3.當(dāng)主語后面有as well as,along with,with,together with,no less than,except,but,rather than 等詞(組)時,謂語動詞與這些詞(組) 前的主語保持一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 那個歌星和他的代理人到了。 4.“kind,sort,type+of+名詞”作主語,以

13、kind,sort,type本身的單復(fù) 數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made from straw. 這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些種類的動物要滅絕了。,5.all,some,any,most等不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代 的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well. 一切進(jìn)展順利。(指事用單數(shù)) All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。(指人用復(fù)數(shù)) 6.half,part,the rest作主語時,

14、謂語動詞根據(jù)其所指意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 The rest of the story was dull and all the students were bored. 故事的其余部分很枯燥,學(xué)生們都厭煩了。,特別提示 “The (only) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 He is the (only) one of the students who has passed the exam.他是學(xué)生們中唯一一個通過考試的。 “one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 He is one of the students who have pas

15、sed the exam. 他是通過了考試的學(xué)生之一。,7.or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also., not.but.等連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單 復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名學(xué)生要出席定于明天的會議。 Are neither you nor I fit for the job? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎?,真題鏈接,1.Leaving the less i

16、mportant things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.(2016全國) 2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全國),答案及剖析: 1.is考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是 可以接受的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句中的主語為動名詞短語“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,故謂語動詞為第三人

17、 稱單數(shù)形式,且此處講一般情況。故填is。 2.were考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的“believed” 可知,此處描述 的是過去的情況,應(yīng)用一般過去時;從句主語為knives,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù) 數(shù)。故填were。,3.Yangshuo(be) really beautiful.(2015全國) 4.This cycle(go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.(2015全國),答案及剖析: 3.is考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。句意:陽朔確實很美麗。根據(jù)句意可 知,此句介紹的是

18、客觀事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時,又因為Yangshuo是第三 人稱單數(shù),所以這里使用is。 4.goes考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持 續(xù)下去。這種情況是客觀事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語This cycle是 單數(shù)形式,因此謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。,跟蹤訓(xùn)練,.單句語法填空 1.Nodding ones head (mean) agreement. 2.Not only you but also he (be) tired of having one examination after another. 3.Every student and every teacher (l

19、ike) the book,which is newly-published.,答案及剖析: 1.means考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填謂語動詞,句意: 點頭表示同意。此處指通常情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語為動詞-ing形式短語, 表示單數(shù)概念,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 2.is考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填謂語動詞。not only.but also.用來連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要和離它最近的主語 保持一致,又因此處描述的是一般事實,故用is。 3.likes考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填謂語動詞,根據(jù) 從句時態(tài)可知,此處應(yīng)用

20、一般現(xiàn)在時。由于主語為every student and every teacher,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。,4.He is one of my friends who really (work) hard. 5.Half of the population here (come) from China. 6.But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that (threaten) the only home they know. 7.A recent survey shows that the number of child

21、ren who come from the countryside with their parents (be) nearly 320,000 in Beijing.,答案及剖析: 4.work考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填謂語動詞,句意: 他是我的真正努力學(xué)習(xí)的朋友中的一位。表示通常情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時。由于 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞who作主語,先行詞為my friends,所以定語從句的謂語動 詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填謂語動詞,句意: 這里一半的人口來自中國。表示一般情況用一般現(xiàn)在時。由于主語half of the populatio

22、n所指意義為復(fù)數(shù),所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6.threatens考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填謂語動 詞。由主句時態(tài)判斷填一般現(xiàn)在時。定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that 指的是先行 詞danger,故從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 7.is考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填謂語動詞。that 引 導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語是the number,且全句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以填is。,8.Our school along with many other brother middle schools (be) to take another joint test next month. 9.T

23、hey say that the football team as well as the coach (invite) to the TV show to talk about their experiences in the past few years. 10.On either side of the street (stand) a lot of trees.,答案及剖析: 8.is考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子主語是our school,它后 面的along with 短語不影響謂語動詞,而且由next month 可知這里應(yīng)該是be to do 結(jié)構(gòu),表示計劃或安排好

24、的將來,故填is。 9.have been invited考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,that 引導(dǎo)的 賓語從句的主語是the football team,其后雖有as well as . 短語,但謂 語動詞不受其影響,仍與主語一致。集體名詞the football team 在此側(cè)重成 員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;由語境可知此處強調(diào)“已經(jīng)”受邀,而且主語與謂語是被動 關(guān)系,故填have been invited。 10.stand考查謂語動詞的用法。街道的兩邊都有樹,表示通常情況,用一般現(xiàn) 在時,主語為a lot of trees,故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,.單句語法改錯 (含非本專項及一句二

25、錯試題) 1.She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.(2017浙江金麗衢十二校高三聯(lián)考) 2.I work really hard,often study late into the night!Ive tried to talk to my mother,but she always say I have to work as hard as my brother does. 3.There exist now a par

26、k that has a small river running through.,答案及剖析: 1.waswere在where 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,主語是desk 和computer,謂語動詞 需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2.studystudyingI與study 之間為主動關(guān)系,故用studying作狀語。 saysays此處意為:她總是說,表示習(xí)慣性的動作,且主語是she,故謂 語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 3.existexists此句為倒裝句,主語為“a park”,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱 單數(shù)形式。,4.You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.(2017長春外國語學(xué)校質(zhì)量檢測) 5.Some