1、虛 擬 語 氣 the Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式. 一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等； 二是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等,Definition,Subjunctive Mood(虛擬語氣）,虛擬語氣,Types,If 型,Should + V 型,類似 If 型,過去式(did/were),過去完成時(shí)had done,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,1.過去式 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were

2、to do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),1. If 型,例句 1. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實(shí)相反) 3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實(shí)可能相反),If

3、型特例1：混雜條件句（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣）,定義：從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,與過去相反,與現(xiàn)在相反,各自為準(zhǔn),If型特例2：省略 if 的條件從句：,用法：從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)， 省略if ，而把它們放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝句。,3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.,2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try aga

4、in.,1. If I were you, I would not do that.,Were I you, I would not do that.,Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,Had you not helped me, I should have failed.,三個(gè)建議,四個(gè)要求,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, require, request, ask,2.Should +v（原）型,兩個(gè)命令,一個(gè)堅(jiān)持,1.

5、在賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，主語從句中。這種用法的詞有：,TIPS,T. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.,insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣 Insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 （should ）+ do; Insist 表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”

6、時(shí)，用陳述語氣，表示事實(shí)。 Suggest 表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語氣。,F,T,F,T,虛擬語氣,用于表語、同位語、主語從句 在suggestion / proposal / order / / advice / request /demand 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中,要用 “should動(dòng)詞原形” should可以省略,2. It is suggested/ordered /requested /proposed /demanded that從句 從句中的 謂語 動(dòng) 詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略 類似用法的詞有

7、： important ,necessary，eager,essensial,vital,strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame,no wonder,.,Wish / As if (though),3.類似 if 型,虛擬語氣,Would rather/ If only,But for +n/ Without +n,Its (high) time +that,Wish/ As if / （though） +從句,現(xiàn)在: 過去時(shí)（were/did） 過去: 過去完成時(shí)(had done) 未來: would/could/might +V.(原) shou

8、ld,類似 if 型（1）,例句 1. I wish I were 30 years younger. 2. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 3. He wished he hadnt done it. 4. He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。,would rather that if only+從句,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去時(shí),I would rather you paid me now.,I would rat

9、her you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,類似 if 型（2）,Its (high) time +that,過去時(shí)(were/did) Should(不省) +V.,你該走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,我們該去睡覺了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,類似 if 型（3）,類似 if 型（4）,虛擬語氣,

10、but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise(否則)， in that case，,一些短語相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句（if）, 其后的句子與虛擬條件主句用法一致。,+句子,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,現(xiàn)在/將來,過去,Subjective mood,If 型 Should +v型 類似if型,。 。 。,混雜條件句(各自為準(zhǔn)) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令， 三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。,2. It is（necessar

11、y，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case,1.過去式 2.過去完成 3.could、would、might +v,1.過去式 2.過去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 過去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might +have done,insist suggest,虛擬語氣,Alan _ the party if he had gone t

12、o London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed,Exercises,A,2. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen,B,3. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell,A,4. I wish this bus _ to th

13、e university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,B,5. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get,C,6. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been,A,7. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,B,8. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had,D,9