1、冠詞,the article,a / an,the,I.冠詞的定義 冠詞是一種虛詞,沒有詞義,沒有數(shù)和格的變化,不能單獨使用,只能幫助名詞或起名詞作用的其它詞類說明其意義. II.冠詞的種類 冠詞分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩大類.定冠詞特指一特定名詞,不定冠詞泛指一般普通名詞. III.不定冠詞的用法 不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式.a用在以輔音開頭的名詞前, 一般讀作; an 用在以元音開頭的名詞前,一般讀作n.,1.首次提到某人或某物,常起介紹作用. He is a doctor. He is studying in a university. 2.在單數(shù)普通名詞前,指一類人或事物,通常不必譯出.

2、An ear is an organ for listening. A fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=The fox is a cunning animal. 3.說明某一事物,相當于the same,表示”相同”的意思.,They are nearly of an age. The two shirts are of a size. Birds of a feather flock together. 4.在表示時間或度量單位的名詞前,具有”每一”的意思. The train is running at 60 km a

3、n hour. He earns two thousand yuan a month. 5.其他用法 1).物質名詞或抽象名詞前用a / an表示具體意義制成品或種類.,The little girl is eating an ice-cream at the table. Its an honor to me to be given such a good chance to make a further study at university. Honesty is a virtue. 2)人名前用a / an 表示說話人對次人不認識,相當于”a certain” . Our music

4、teacher is a Miss White. A Mr Chen came to see you this morning. 也可指與某名人有類似性質的人或事物. He wishes to became a Newton.,He is a Lei Feng in our class. 3).專有名詞中的地名前用a / an 指某時期或某個樣子的某地. She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago. 4).a / an 用于某些固定詞組中 once upon a time / an hour or two ha

5、ve a walk / many a time turn a deaf ear to,IV.定冠詞的用法 1.使用定冠詞的場合 1).在單數(shù)普通名詞前表示一類人或事物,the 不必譯出. The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Horses are useful animals. 2).在重新提及的人或事物的名詞前 He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk. I received a letter a few days ago. The letter was

6、 from England.,3).在談話雙方都知道的特定的人或事物的名詞前. Pass me the book, please. Would you mind my opening the window? 4).在有限制性定語修飾的名詞前 This is the place where I once lived. The plane to Shanghai has taken off. 5).在序數(shù)詞前 The first boy is his younger brother. I am the last to come.,6).在表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前 the world / t

7、he sun / the moon / the sky / the earth 7).在方向名詞前 on the right / left in the east / west / south / north 8).在形容詞和副詞的最高級前 Winter is the coldest season of the year. Who sings (the) best in your class? 副詞的最高級經常省略the,9).在某些形容詞(或分詞)前表示一類人或事物 The young / the grown-up / the blind / the wounded / the oppres

8、sed 10).在姓氏復數(shù)形式前表示一家人. The Greens are at table. The Chens will move to Naijing. 11).在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞前表示某個年代 When he went to America in the seventies, he was already in his forties. In the 1870s, Marx began to learn Russian.,12).在樂器的名稱前 The girl is playing the piano. He often plays the violin in the evening.

9、 13).在表示單位的名詞前 I have hired the car by the hour. Eggs are sold by the dozen. 14).在由普通名詞或形容詞構成的專有名詞前 the Great Wall / the United States / The Summer Palace 15).在由”普通名詞+專有名詞”構成的專有名詞前,the Peoples Republic of China / the New York Times / the Readers Digest 16).表示全體國民的專有名詞前 the Chinese / the French 17).江

10、河湖海運河海灣海峽山脈群島森林平原盆地沙漠等專有名詞前 the yellow river / the Pacific Ocean / the West lake / the Suez Canal / the Gulf of Mexico / the English Channel / the Himalayas / the British Isles / the Black forest / the North China Plain / the Tarim Basin / the Sahara Desert,注:Mount Fuji / Lake Baikal 無冠詞 18)在發(fā)明物前 Wh

11、o invented the telephone? It was Edison that invented the lamp. 19)固定詞組中 In the form of / in the end /,2.不常用冠詞的場合 1).表示人名地名國名節(jié)日月份星期季節(jié)等專有名詞前 Marx / Guangxi / Europe / China / National Day / March / Sunday / spring 2). 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指 They are teachers, not students. People in the south like rice. 3)

12、.表示職位身份頭銜的名詞前 Aunt Mary / Professor Zhang / President Lincoln,4.物質名詞或抽象名詞前 Failure is the mother of success. Desks and chairs are usually made of wood. 5.表示學科疾病球類游戲顏色和感官名稱的名詞前 Economics is different from politics. Granny died of cancer two years ago. He likes football. Do you play chess (bridge, car

13、ds)? Smell is one of the five senses.,*有些表示疾病的名詞需要加冠詞a / an Have a fever / cold / headache 6.表示餐名的名詞前(breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner) Dinner is ready. / she is at lunch. / What do we have for supper? *如果具體指某頓飯時要用the,表示類別時要用a/an The breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived. That was a very nice (

14、good, hearty) supper.,7.稱呼語或含感嘆意義的名詞前 Good morning, boys and girls. Where is Dad, Mum? Poor fellow! He broke his leg. 8.與by連用的表示交通工具的名詞前 By bike / bus / train / tube / coach / land / sea *如果表示交通工具的名詞前有定語,不用by He came here on his old bike.,9).名詞前有名詞所有格形容詞性物主代詞指示代詞疑問詞以及some, little, both, each, either

15、, few, a few, a little, any, no, another, every, much, many等形容詞作定語時 Johns mother is a teacher. Whose purse is this? These books / our research group Some interesting stories. 10).以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 Day and night / pen and ink / husband and wife,Father and son / sun and moon / master and servant *用某些介

16、詞連接相同或相對的名詞時 Face to face / hand in hand / side by side / step by step / from top to bottom / from morning to night / from beginning to end,V.冠詞的辯析和差異 1.用冠詞與不用冠詞的差異 1).at table at the table 2).in hospital in the hospital 3).by sea by the sea,進餐,在桌子旁,住院,在醫(yī)院里,乘船(由海路),在海邊,4).go to sea go to the sea 5).

17、in future in the future 6).on earth on the earth 7).go to school (church) go to the school (church) 8).in front of in the front of,當水手,去海邊,從今以后,在將來,究竟,到底,在地球上,上學(作禮拜),去學校(教堂),在前面,外部的 內部的,9).on horse back on the horse back 10).two of us the two of us 11).out of question out of the question 2.用定冠詞與不定冠詞的差異 1).as a whole =altogether 全部的，整體 on the whole =in general大體上，一般的