1、虛擬語氣 Subjunctive,虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。,虛擬語氣的概念,虛擬語氣,一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：,虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中,虛擬語氣,例句 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實相反) 2

2、. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你),虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中,虛擬語氣,二、省略 if 的條件從句 當從句中有 were, had 或 should 時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to me

3、et him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment,虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中,虛擬語氣,三、錯綜時間的條件句 即從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不同。此時，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學習的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he would

4、nt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。,虛擬語氣在復合句中的應用：,虛擬語氣,1、記?。哼@些動詞后面接的賓語從句：表示愿望( wish), 建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它動詞用should + do 構成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done)

5、 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動詞(would / could) + do,虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中,虛擬語氣,例句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。 4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。 5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes

6、every week by themselves. 他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中,虛擬語氣,4、記住：insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣 Insist 表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。 Suggest 表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把

7、黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。 He insisted that he was right.,虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中,虛擬語氣,在would (had) rather(寧愿) 引導的賓語從句中 當從句表示現(xiàn)在或將來的時間時,謂語動詞要用一般過去時;表示過去時間時,謂語動詞要用過去完成時。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.,虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中,虛擬語氣,在句型 “It is importan

8、t (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。,虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中,虛擬語氣,主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / des

9、ire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動詞用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,虛擬語氣在 在表語從句中,虛擬語氣,同位語從句的先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you

10、 know the order that you (should) keep watch.,虛擬語氣在 在同位語從句中,虛擬語氣,在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done). 一、as if 連接表語從句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 二、as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own

11、son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。,虛擬語氣在 在 as if 從句中,虛擬語氣,1. if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài) If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast. 2. Its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時或should + do

12、 Its time that you left here.,虛擬語氣中的幾個特例,虛擬語氣,3. 一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時主句要用虛擬語氣 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.,虛擬語氣中的幾個特例,虛擬語氣,1、表示說話人的要求、建議、命令時，常用(should) do表示虛擬形式, 主要用于名詞性從句中。 2、其它情況常用兩種形式：表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；表示與

13、過去事實相反用過去完成式。,簡單的歸納,虛擬語氣,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met,Exercises,A,D,虛擬語氣,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. li

14、stened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,B,A,B,虛擬語氣,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his paren

15、ts feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,C,A,B,虛擬語氣,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B