1、Globalisation,We now communicate and share each others cultures through travel and trade, transporting products around the world in hours or days. We are in a huge global economy where something that happens in one area can have knock on effects worldwide. This process is called globalisation.,What

2、is globalisation?,Let us know about what is globalisation.,Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively（巨大的） increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services. The biggest compan

3、ies are no longer national firms but multinational corporations with subsidiaries in many countries. Globalisation has been taking place for hundreds of years, but has speeded up enormously over the last half-century.,Globalisation has resulted in: 1.increased international trade 2.a company operati

4、ng in more than one country 3. greater dependence on the global economy freer movement of capital, goods, and services 4.recognition of companies such as McDonalds and Starbucks in LEDCs（less economically develop countries） Although globalisation is probably helping to create more wealth in developi

5、ng countries - it is not helping to close the gap between the worlds poorest countries and the worlds richest. The animation（活躍） shows how wealth is distributed. Click on the income brackets to see where the richest and poorest countries are located.,Transnational corporations Globalisation has resu

6、lted in many businesses setting up or buying operations in other countries. When a foreign company invests in a country, perhaps by building a factory or a shop, this is called inward(內部的) investment. Companies that operate in several countries are called multinational corporations (MNCs) or transna

7、tional（跨國際的） corporations (TNCs). The US fast-food chain McDonalds is a large MNC - it has nearly 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries.,The majority of TNCs come from MEDCs（已開發(fā)） such as the US and UK. Many multinational corporations invest in other MEDCs. The US car company Ford, for example, makes l

8、arge numbers of cars in the UK. However, TNCs also invest in LEDCs - for example, the British DIY store B&Q now has stores in China. Factors attracting TNCs to a country may include: cheap raw materials cheap labour supply good transport access to markets where the goods are sold friendly government

9、 policies,Positive impacts of globalisation Globalisation is having a dramatic effect - for good or ill - on world economies and on peoples lives. Some of the positive impacts are: Inward investment by TNCs helps countries by providing new jobs and skills for local people. TNCs bring wealth and fore

10、ign currency（外匯） to local economies when they buy local resources, products and services. The extra money created by this investment can be spent on education, health and infrastructure（公共建設）. The sharing of ideas, experiences and lifestyles of people and cultures. People can experience foods and ot

11、her products not previously available in their countries. Globalisation increases awareness of events in far-away parts of the world. For example, the UK was quickly made aware of the 2004 tsunami（海嘯） tidal wave and sent help rapidly in response. Globalisation may help to make people more aware of g

12、lobal issues such as deforestation and global warming - and alert them to the need for sustainable development.,Negative impacts of globalisation Critics include groups such as environmentalists, anti-poverty campaigners and trade unionists. Some of the negative impacts include:,Globalisation operat

13、es mostly in the interests of the richest countries, which continue to dominate world trade at the expense of developing countries. The role of LEDCs in the world market is mostly to provide the North and West with cheap labour and raw materials.,There are no guarantees that the wealth from inward i

14、nvestment will benefit the local community. Often, profits（收益） are sent back to the MEDC where the TNC is based. Transnational companies, with their massive economies of scale, may drive local companies out of business. If it becomes cheaper to operate in another country, the TNC might close down th

15、e factory and make local people redundant（失業(yè)的）. An absence of strictly enforced（壓迫） international laws means that TNCs may operate in LEDCs in a way that would not be allowed in an MEDC. They may pollute the environment, run risks with safety or impose（強加于） poor working conditions and low wages（工資）

16、on local workers.,Globalisation is viewed by many as a threat to the worlds cultural diversity（多樣的）. It is feared it might drown out local economies, traditions and languages and simply re-cast（重塑） the whole world in the mould of the capitalist（資本家） North and West. An example of this is that a Hollywood film is far more likely to be successful worldwide than one made in India or China, which also have thriving film industries. Industry may begin to thrive in LEDCs at the expense of jobs in manufacturing in the UK and other MEDCs, especially in textiles. Anti-glo