1、名詞性從句,Noun Clauses,一.related conception (相關(guān)概念),1.名詞:,表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。,2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?,名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。,The boy is li Ming.,主語,表語,Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .,主語,同位語,賓語,在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。,3.什么是名詞性從句?,名詞性從句,主語從句 ( The Subject Clause),賓語

2、從句 ( The Object Clause),表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause),主語從句 在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語. 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略), whether; 連接代詞有who, what ,which; 連接副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,1).連接詞: that, whether,He is a famous singer. It is known to us.,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.

3、 (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?,It has not been decided.,Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decide.,He will win the game.,It is certain.,Will he win the game?,It is not certain.,That he will win the game is certain.,It is certain

4、 that he will win the game.,Whether he will the game is not certain.,2).連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever,Whose bag is it ? It cant be told.,Whose bag it is cant be told.,What does he need? It is money.,What he needs is money.,無論你剛才說什么都是對(duì)的.,Whatever you said is all rig

5、ht.,3).連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, how much how long, how soon, how often,When will we start tomorrow? It will be told soon.,When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.,我們將怎樣制定計(jì)劃已經(jīng)被老師解釋清楚了.,How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.,為什么他來這里還是不被人所知道.,Why he com

6、es here is not known.,1.為什么有時(shí)侯用that, whether,有時(shí)侯用連接代詞 , 或著有時(shí)候用連接副詞?,2.它的語序有沒有變化?,2.總結(jié):,1).主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂 語在后.,2).連接詞that在從句中無實(shí)際意義,起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.,When will he come is not known.,錯(cuò)誤,When he will come is not known.,He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,錯(cuò)誤,That he will not co

7、me to the meeting this evening is true.,但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改變語序,3).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句 解釋為”是否”,但if不能.,4).whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它們只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.,5).為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ t

8、hat It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that,We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon. He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go ther

9、e,賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if; 代詞有who, whose,what ,which; 副詞有when ,where, how, why 等.如:,總結(jié):,2.注意點(diǎn),1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.,2).引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實(shí)際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.,3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if.,(2).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.,例: I worry about whether I hurt her f

10、eeling.,1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.,例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.,3.放句首，解釋為“是否”,Whether she will go home is not unknown.,4.表語從句解釋為” 是否“用whether,The question is whether we can collect enough money.,4).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留,(1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略.,例: We must make it c

11、lear that we mean what we say.,(2).由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第一個(gè)that 可以省略,第二that不能省.,He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.,表語從句 在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語,常放在be動(dòng)詞的后面. 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,The problem is that we didnt get in touch

12、 with him. This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order等名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo) 的表語從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略.,2.注意點(diǎn),1). 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.,2).表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實(shí)際意義,但不能省略.,3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).,What many people are worried about is w

13、hether we will be able to build a better future.,The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,The reason why + 句子 be that + 從句.,For +名詞,今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂?,The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,或 Th

14、is / it /that/ is because + 從句等句型.,He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,同位語從句 在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ;少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞how when where 等.如 :,1.The thought that we might succeed excited

15、us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.,名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞 要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略.,4.I have no idea when he will be back.,注意 1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有:idea, fact, news,

16、belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.,2.that 在從句中只是起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分.,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no id

17、ea that you were her friend.,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,I 名詞性從句的種類,一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處,1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 e.g.,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句） 我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。,一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處,2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) e.g.,

18、The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語從句） 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。,二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處,1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的

19、名詞。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）,二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處,2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,e.g.1)

20、 Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）,Tell the function of the following sentences. a.subject b. object c. predicative d. appositive(同位語),1.The idea that England

21、stands for Fish B: Attributive（定語）,His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company whe

22、re your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.,B,B,B,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is tru

23、e. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what tha

24、t B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether c. that D. which,II語序問題,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our vil

25、lage look like D. how our village looks like,2.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. w

26、hen C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is