1、Unit 2: Part A,Conversational Ballgames,How comes that a conversation has anything to do with ball games?,Popular ballgames and their origins: table tennis（乒乓球：英國）billiards（臺球：英國） golf （高爾夫球：荷蘭） hockey （曲棍球：加拿大） badminton（羽毛球：英國） baseball （棒球：美國） handball （手球：愛爾蘭） tennis （網(wǎng)球：英國） volleyball （排球：美國） b

2、asketball （籃球：美國） soccer（英式足球：英國） rugby /American football （橄欖球 ） polo （馬球：英國） softball （壘球）,Text-related information,BOWLING GAME An indoor game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a wooden track in order to knock down a group of pins (wooden objects shaped like bottles).,Text-related inform

3、ation,TENNIS A game for two people or two pairs of people who use rackets to hit a small soft ball backwards and forwards over a net.,Expressions used when play ballgames:,發(fā)球 接球 傳球 運球 奪球 截球 原地拍球 把球傳給 爭球 罰球,Serve the ball To catch the ball To pass the ball To dribble the ball To steal the ball To int

4、ercept the ball To bounce the ball To toss the ball to To rush for the ball A penalty shot,Warming-up Activity: Case Study,Carl was an employee of an international company and hes working in Japan now. Hes very pleased to be invited to a party shortly after his arrival in Japan, where most of the gu

5、ests were Japanese. At the party, everyone was expected to entertain, even the senior managers got up to give a song or tell a joke. All the people seemed so informal and cooperative, far different from those conventional, stuffy Japanese Carl had read about before.,Read the following story and disc

6、uss in pairs or groups:,At a meeting on the next day after the party, Carl found that he was at the same room, together with the people who had contributed to the merriment of the evening at the party. Keeping the informality in mind, Carl used the meeting as an opportunity to present a proposal. Af

7、ter Carl brought up his proposal, however, he was met with a wall of silence and, even to the end of meeting, no one had ever offered him any idea about his proposal.,Carl totally got puzzled with the response of his Japanese colleagues. But he didnt know what was wrong with it.,Warming-up Activity,

8、Your turn to decide on:,Carl failed to understand Japanese speech on informal occasions for his ill mastery of Japanese language.,Carl used informal language on formal occasion (at the meeting), which upset his Japanese co-workers.,Carl didnt realize Japaneses different attitudes towards work (meeti

9、ng) and leisure(party).,Pre-reading Activities: Listening,Words 同樣地Examples:The telephone rang just as I was about to leave.,讓每件東西都保持原樣。,Leave everything just as you find it.,有時也可用作： just as + adj. + as,She is just as fat as her mother.,We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational

10、 ballgames.,Ballgames 預示下文將借助ballgames來說明 二者的差異,Expect?,She is expecting. She is eating for two. She has one on the way. She is in the family way. She is in an interesting states.,Pregnant, to demand that sb. will do sth. 指望 be waiting for sth. to happen 期待,back and forth: to and fro 來回地，反復地 Example

11、s: She swayed gently back and forth to the music. There must be something that troubles him: he is walking back and forth in the room.,類似的短語有： here and there black and white up and down come and go day and night now and then,It depends on ?,Age Closeness Status,junior: of lower rank or position; you

12、nger 級別（地位）較低的，年資較淺的，較年幼的,Eg： a junior high school John Smith, Jr. He, although older to me, is my junior.,幾個特別的形容詞： junior / senior minor / major to (not than) superior / inferior,Knock down: make (something) fall by hitting or pushing it 擊倒，撞倒 (= knock out) Examples: A bus nearly knocked him down

13、when he was crossing the street. He knocked his opponent down three times in the first round.,昨天Alec被公車撞了，傷得很重。 令我們吃驚的是，我們最優(yōu)秀的羽毛球選手在第一輪 就被淘汰了。,Alec was knocked down by a bus yesterday and was badly hurt.,To our surprise, our best badminton player was knocked out in the first round.,Call on / upon: f

14、ormally ask , require, or demand (someone) to do something 號召；請求 Examples: The teacher called on his students for answers. The opposition party called on the government to handle the Middle East crisis by peaceful means. The mayor called on the people suffering from an earthquake to remain calm.,Phr

15、ases with “call”,Cf. call for:to demand, ask for; to collect (sb. or sth.) e.g.The farmers called for larger government subsidies.,Cf. call off:to cause a planned event not to take place, to cancel e.g.The football game was called off because of bad weather.,Cf. call in:to ask to come; to request th

16、e return of e.g.Police have been called in to help find the missing boy.,Key words, phrases speak about談到, 提及 Examples: It was unwise in your speech to refer to his mistake. The president referred to the economic crisis in Asia in his TV statement.,我說有些人很愚蠢，并不是指你。 當他談到競爭對手時，他提到了哪一家公司？,Which company

17、is she referring to when she spoke of competitive firms?,When I said some people are stupid, I wasnt referring to you.,Previous: being earlier in time or order 先前的 指“時間上早于某事件或行動的”,Eg： He had children from a previous marriage. The police asked the suspect where he had been the previous night. The old

18、 man was found dead on some day previous to Christmas.,Cf: earlier （時間意義上）較早發(fā)生的， past 過去（發(fā)生）的 prior 在前的 （除時間外還可在順序、 重要性方面） former 前者； 前任的,Structure:,Grammar Focus,whoever no matter who,Cf. Whatever, however, wherever, whichever, etc. can be used as conjunctions in the same way as the expressions no

19、matter what, no matter how, and so on. e.g.Please let us know no matter where you go. = Please let us know wherever you go. e.g. Life goes on no matter how upset you are. = However upset you are, life goes on.,whoever no matter who,Drill: Rewrite the following two sentences.,1.No matter which one yo

20、u choose, youll be disappointed. No matter what reason you have, you should not cheat.,Whichever you choose, youll be disappointed,You should not cheat whatever reason you have.,whoever no matter who,Drill: Complete the following sentences(P.41, Ex. VIII):,(誰最勝任誰就) _ should get the job.,Whoever is m

21、ost qualified,2. (每當天氣不好時) _, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.,Whenever the weathers bad,3. He makes a lot of friends (不管他到哪兒) _.,wherever he goes,Wh-ever,Put the following sentences into English:,請將便條送交給辦公室里的任何一個人。,只要一開始學數(shù)學，她就會變得緊張。,他們只想要錢。隨便什么事，只要能掙錢，他們 都愿意干。,Send the note to whomever in th

22、e office.,She became nervous whenever it comes to learning maths.,They just want money, and are willing to do whatever it takes to get it.,不論他什么時候來，都會受到熱烈歡迎。,Whenever he comes, he always receives a warm welcome.,now (that) （1）既然 （2）現(xiàn)在 （出現(xiàn)新情況） as a result of the face (that); since,Translate: 既然你成年了，就

23、要對自己的所作所為負責。,Key: Now that youre coming of age, you should be responsible for what you do.,Example: Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. Now that you are well again, you can travel. Now that he was ill, I realize how much I owed him.,now (that) 作連詞 as a result of the fact (that); since,Comple

24、te the following sentences:(p. 35, Ex. X),Now that he is getting older, _.,he might be more patient,2._ now that the bus has broken down halfway.,I have to take a taxi home,no / little / small wonder used to express that something is fully anticipated,no wonder 是“無怪，難怪，不足為怪”的意思。常引導that從句。相同的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： It

25、 is little / small wonder that Example: No wonder the Americans are not very good at football, for they prefer American football, in which they play with hands.,Drill:Complete the following sentences,These people were greatly confused. _. (they asked so many questions) _ I didnt plug in the TV. (the

26、re is no picture on the screen) Hes lived in France for so many years. _. (怪不得他這么了解法國。）,No wonder they asked so many questions.,No wonder there is no picture on the screen,Its little / small wonder that he knows France so well.,Words Study:,startle / amaze / astonish / shock,Example: She gave a star

27、tle jump at a mouse under the table. The teacher was amazed to find that a lazy student had gained a mark of 100 in the exam. The old couple were astonished to see how Pudong had changed over the past 10 years. We were greatly shocked by the boys bad manners. We considered him a good child.,handle /

28、 deal with / cope with / tackle,We teach students knowledge as well as how to handle / cope with / deal with personal problems.,This coverage (報道 ) deals with the troubles between Pakistan and Israel.,The computer works very fast, handling data at the speed of light. He tried to open the door by tur

29、ning the handle, but it refused to move.,These are some new measures aimed at tackling un- employment.,Text C How to Improve Your Vocabulary,猜測詞義的幾種方法：,1.利用所出現(xiàn)生詞的上下文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進一步的敘述，猜測詞義。 系動詞經(jīng)常能提供生詞的確切含義。,* The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. * The word ethnology means the study of

30、 animal behavior. * The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,2.利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。,* Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. * Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for inst

31、ance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,3.利用文中說明詞義的同位語或定語等，猜測詞義。,* The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged. * The type of meter is called multimeter, whi

32、ch is used to measure electricity. * The harbor is protected by a jetty, a wall built out into the water. * Lipids, or fats can be measured in the laboratory. * Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas which can cause death.,4.利用文中所出現(xiàn)的、與某生詞或詞組詞義相反的內(nèi)容，猜測詞義。,* American businessmen expect employees to be punct

33、ual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. * Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends. * Fred likes to spend his money. On the other hand, Mel is very frugal.,5.利用文章中用不同的話對同一概念的解釋，猜測詞義。,* Should the government regula

34、te the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel. * Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and la

35、kes which have been polluted.,6.標點符號（特別是冒號、破折號、括號等）也可幫助考生猜測詞義。,* They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a.m. next week. * Now they move from city to city in vans and limousines - big cars - rather than wagons and carts.,Exercises related to Text A,Word Building,The prefix dis- can be a

36、dded to verbs, nouns or adjectives to make the meaning of a word just the opposite.,Prefix,dis-,to mean: without not no,e.g.agree disagree = not agree order disorder = without order honest dishonest = not honest,讀寫教程 I: Ex. VII, p. 40,Vocabulary,Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words

37、 given below. disappeardisadvantagedisagreedisbeliefdislike disorderdishonestdiscomfortdisobeydissatisfied,1. Not every ship or plane crossing the Bermuda Triangle has _.,disappeared,2. Theres far too much _ in this classroom; now everybody sit down and be quiet!, disorder,Vocabulary,Fill in the bla

38、nks with appropriate forms of the words given below. disappeardisadvantagedisagreedisbeliefdislike disorderdishonestdiscomfortdisobeydissatisfied,3. The previous secretary was dismissed because her _ report to the manager.,dishonest,4.Would you _ your parents if you believed they were wrong?, disobe

39、y,Vocabulary,Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words given below. disappeardisadvantagedisagreedisbeliefdislike disorderdishonestdiscomfortdisobeydissatisfied,5.To what extent do you agree or _ with the familiar saying:“More haste, less speed.”,disagree,6. Living in a big city has bot

40、h advantages and _., disadvantages,Vocabulary,Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words given below. disappeardisadvantagedisagreedisbeliefdislike disorderdishonestdiscomfortdisobeydissatisfied,7. It can be fun sharing a bedroom with five classmates, but sometimes you have to put up wit

41、h the _ of such limited living space.,discomfort,8. After his illness, the old man began to take a _ to many of the foods hed previously enjoyed., dislike,Vocabulary,Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words given below. disappeardisadvantagedisagreedisbeliefdislike disorderdishonestdis

42、comfortdisobeydissatisfied,9. After hearing his adventurous story, they all looked at him in _.,disbelief,10. Whats the matter with your brother? He seems to be _ with everything and everyone., dissatisfied,Word Building,The suffix -ance and -ence can replace -ant and -ent in certain adjectives to f

43、orm nouns with the meaning having the quality or being in the condition of the root word.,Suffixes,-ance -ence,to replace: -ant -ent,to mean: having the quality being in the condition,e.g.different difference = the quality of being different important importance = the quality of being important,讀寫教程

44、 I: Ex. VI, p. 39,Word Building,VI.The suffix -ance and -ence can replace -ant and -ent in certain adjectives to form nouns with the meaning having the quality or being in the condition of the root word.,A. 1)absent 8)confident 2)convenient 9)evident 3)independent 10)intelligent 4)patient 11)present

45、 distant 12)violent excellent 13)significant silent 14)different,absence,convenience,independence,patience,distance,confidence,evidence,intelligence,presence,violence,excellence,significance,silence,difference,Word Building,B. 1._ in sports requires both talent and hard training. 2.Since gaining its

46、 _ from Great Britain in 1947, India has sought to develop a modern, comprehensive school system. Educators agree that there are no tests that accurately measure _. 4.The return of Hong Kong to China on July 1, 1997 was a historical event of great _. 5.He doesnt have enough _ to be a good teacher.,E

47、xcellence,independence,intelligence,significance,patience,Word Building,6.There was a long _ after Bob had finished speaking. 7.Many parents worry that if their children see too much _ on TV theyll believe that fighting and killing are normal behavior in daily life. 8.English and German are sister l

48、anguages, but therere a lot of _ between them. 9.The _ from Detroit to Chicago is about two hundred and eight miles. 10.If you never praise her, shell never gain self- _.,silence,violence,difference,distance,confidence,Cloze: On _ 11th, 2001, two hijacked jetliners slammed into New Yorks World Trade

49、 _, collapsing the towering t_ icons. About 4800 lives were _ suddenly. The _ nations were _ at the worst terrorist _ in U.S. history. The worlds most p_ military force made a quick _ to it and declared that Saudi terrorist Osama Bin Laden is the _ suspect. President Bush d_ a brief, emotional state

50、ment _ to “hunt down and _ those r_ .” “Freedom itself was c_ this morning, and I a_ that _ will be defended.” During the _ peaceful p_ month, the ruins were _ removed and the American people waited p_ for the revenge.,1.在談及美國英語和英國英語的差別時，他說：“美國和英國畢竟是兩個不同的國家。”,Translation,Referring to the differences

51、 between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.”,referring to,after all,讀寫教程 I: Ex. XII, p. 43,2.史密斯教授鼓勵他的學生獨立思考。他常說：“即使你們對我提出質(zhì)疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同樣高興?！?Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just

52、 as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.”,Translation,think for themselves,even if,challenge,just as,3.我們請他參加我們關于流行音樂的談話，但他一參加進來就引入一個新的話題，談起了上周的NBA決賽。,We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week.,Translation,as soon as,refer to,the