1、College English Intensive Reading 2 Unit 2,Study and Practice,III-5 (Page 35) Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the words given in brackets. 1. Many authors do not use their real names when they publish their books. (false) Many authors use a false name when they publish the

2、ir books. 2. It is now believed that human life on earth began in Africa. (origin) The origin of human life on earth is now believed to have been in Africa.,3. The book was translated from Chinese into English under the supervision (指導) of the author himself. (personal) The book was translated from

3、Chinese into English under the personal supervision of the author. 4. In spite of the personal participation of the President, opinions remained divided at the conference. (fail, produce, agreement) In spite of the personal participation of the President, the conference failed to produce agreement.,

4、5. Many Americans choose to travel by car rather than by any other means of transportation (運輸工具) (prefer, over) Many Americans prefer to travel by car over any other means of transportation. 6. Watches turned out in their factory are of much poorer quality than those made in yours. (superior) Watch

5、es made in your factory are far superior in quality to those turned out in theirs.,IV Enriching Your Word Power,1)等著瞧的態(tài)度 2) 生死搏斗 3)求實精神 4) 徹頭徹尾的謊言 5) 偏僻的山村 6) 面對面的談話 7) 分而治之的政策 8) 最新式的機器 9) 逐字翻譯 10. 永遠不會忘記的夜晚,a wait-and-see attitude a life-and-death struggle a down-to-earth spirit an out-and-out lie

6、 an out-of-the-way mountain village a face-to-face talk a divide-and-rule policy up-to-date machines word-for-word translation a never-to-be-forgotten night,VI. Structure,1. 省略是英語寫作中避免重復和連接上下文的一種手段。一般來說，只要不損害句子結(jié)構(gòu)或不引起歧義，凡能省略的部分就應省略。本節(jié)講的是狀語從句的省略，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，用從屬連詞引導的從句，不管在主句前還是在主句后，只要有與主句相同或大體上相同的部分都可以省略。狀語

7、從句中省略的成分一般為與主句相同的主語及謂語的一部分。,VI. Structure,2. 倒裝是英語寫作中常用的手段。從主語和謂語的排列詞序來看，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)主要可分為以下兩種情況： （1）部分倒裝：助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/聯(lián)系動詞主語（謂語的其他部分）； （2）完全倒裝：全部謂語+主語。 本節(jié)講的是 nor的倒裝用法。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，nor所引導的句子，是用來說某人（某事或某種情況）同剛才提到過的相同，這時要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。,VI. Structure,3. 強調(diào)是英語寫作中常用的手段。使用這種手段可以使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。強調(diào)的表達方法有多種，就書面英語而言，主要有兩種情況： （1）通

8、過改變句子的正常詞序，即通過倒裝來達到強調(diào)某一部分的目的； （2）通過加上某些強調(diào)詞語或通過特定的強調(diào)句型來達到強調(diào)的目的。 本節(jié)介紹的是第二種情況中的用 It is / was that 的強調(diào)句型。這種句型中， 強調(diào)主語時，如果指的是人，可用who代替that；如強調(diào)的人做賓語，可用whom，強調(diào)的是物時都用 that；被強 調(diào)部分是狀語時，只能用that。,VI. Structure,4. 組詞成句是英語寫作的基礎(chǔ)，只有能熟練地掌握這個技能，才有可能進一步地組句成段，最后組段成整篇文章。在做這類練習時，學生一定要時刻記住組成句子的基本元素：主語、謂語和賓語以及時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的一致等。 本

9、節(jié)要求學生熟練掌握v.+n.+a./ -ed participle（動詞名詞形容詞/過去分詞） 的用法。,VII. Cloze-1,Thomas Jefferson was not only a man of ideas, he was also a man of _(1). He believed that, rather than simply learn from reading, one should engage in personal investigations to gain knowledge from its source. He also believed that on

10、e could _(2) valuable knowledge not only from expert people of higher classes, but also from people of _(3) _(4). Jefferson felt that one must think for himself rather than simply seek agreement with others; and that it was wrong to _ (5) to avoid disagreement or _(6). In spite of his critics, Jeffe

11、rson constantly held to and _(7) his own beliefs. Americans _ (8) Thomas Jefferson for the legacy of ideas and examples he _(9).,action,obtain,humble,origins,go out of ones way,conflict,acted on,owe much to,left behind,VII. Cloze-2.1,When Jefferson began to write the Declaration of Independence, he

12、was bearing a heavy load of personal sorrow and trouble. Only a few months _(1), in September, his baby daughter,_(2) one and a half, had died. Then, in the _(3) March, his mother had also died. _(4) he learned that his wife was _(5) seriously ill at home. It took so many days _(6) news to come from

13、 there _(7) she might be dying even _(8) he sat at his desk. Always _(9) his mind was the thought _(10) if only he could be there he _(11) be able to save her _(12).,before,aged,following,Now,lying,for,that,as,in,that,might,life,VII. Cloze-2.2,Perhaps, too, if he had not been obliged (不得不) to be _(1

14、3) from home so much he might have _(14) the lives of his mother and daughter. It _(15) thoughts such as these that may have _(16) his work its passion (激情)and nobility, as great sorrow often _(17). When he wrote, for all _(18) world to see, the wrongs (邪惡) that England had _(19) to America, maybe h

15、e felt them all the _(20) strongly because his own happiness was now _(21) such great danger, chiefly through Englands selfish _(22) foolish actions.,away,saved,was,given,does,the,done,more,in,and,VIII. Spot Dictation,He is remembered as the Father of His Country. For nearly twenty years, he _(S1) h

16、is nation. During the American Revolution he served in the army. _(S2), he was a lieutenant general |(陸軍中將)|, the highest rank in the army at that time. In 1789 he was elected president of the United States and he was reelected to _ (S3) in 1793. He helped to _(S4) the beginning of the United States

17、 in three important ways. First, he commanded the Continental Army that won _(S5) from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. Second, he _(S6) president of the convention (大會) that wrote the United States _(S7). Third, he was the first man elected president of the United States. No other American h

18、as been _(S8) more than this United States citizen. _ (S9) and one of the states were named for him. His birthday has been _(S10) throughout the country since the time of the Revolutionary War. Guess who he was. George Washington? Thats right.,guided,In fact,a second term,shape,independence,served a

19、s,Constitution,honored,The nations capital,celebrated,IX Translation,1. 會上有人建議任命一個十一人委員會來制定新章程。 Tip: Use the word appoint to form a new sentence. Key: It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.,IX Translation,2. 這些青年科學家通過現(xiàn)場觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。

20、Tip: Use the words on-the-spot and obtain to form a new sentence. Key: By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.,IX Translation,3. 他很可能會因視力不好而被拒收入伍。 Tip: Use the word reject to form a new sentence. Key: It is very lik

21、ely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.,IX Translation,4. 委員會成員在新機場最佳選址 (location) 這一問題上持有不同意見。 Tip: Use the word conflict to form a new sentence. Key: The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.,IX Translation,5. 亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品

22、在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。 Tip: Use the word superior to form a new sentence. Key: Henrys works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brothers.,IX Translation,6. 我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改進。 Tip: Use the phrase owe much to to form a new sentence. Key: The steady rise in the quality of our products

23、owes much to the improvement of our equipment.,IX Translation,7. 吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行事，但他沒有這樣做，因為作為軍人他得服從命令。 Tip: Use the phrase act on to form a new sentence. Key: Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didnt because as a soldier he had to obey the order.,IX Translation,8. 如果讓我來決定我們是要一

24、個沒有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個沒有汽車的城市，我會毫不猶豫地選擇后者。 Tip: Use the phrase leave to and the word prefer to form a new sentence. Key: Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.,Reading Activity,The American Ideal of

25、 a Great Leader,Exercise A,1. the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.: something set up in memory of (Lincoln) (using the context clue of related information) (林肯) 紀念堂 2. the temples that ancient Greeks built in honor of their gods: building set up in honor of gods (using the context clue of defini

26、tion) 神殿 3. religious services: the adjective form of religion (suffix) 宗教的,4. the self-made person the one who, with neither money nor family influence, fights his or her way to the top: successful through ones own efforts (using word part clue and the context clue of definition) 靠自己奮斗而成功的 5. He di

27、d hard manual labor through the day splitting rails for fences, taking care of livestock, working on a riverboat or in a store: done with hands (using the context clue of examples) 體力(勞動),6. He dared to do what he thought was right at a time when his beliefs were unpopular with many people: not popu

28、lar (prefix) 不受歡迎的 7. . some of the southern states wanted to secede, or withdraw, from the United States: withdraw (using the context clue of restatement) 退出，脫離 8. He had infinite patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him: not finite, without limits (prefix) 無限的,9. generosity toward a

29、 defeated opponent: the noun form of “generous” (suffix) 寬宏大量 10. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable .: uncontrolled: not controlled (prefix and suffix) 未加控制的; unbelievable: can not be believed (prefix and suffix) 難以相信的,11. . his postwar policies w

30、ould have brought criticisms upon him that would have tarnished his popularity: postwar: after war (using word part clue) 戰(zhàn)后的 tarnished: damaged (using the context clue of related information) 玷污，損害 popularity: the noun form of popular (suffix) 名望,12. Instead, an assassins bullet erased in the minds

31、 of Americans any faults he had and emphasized his virtues: assassin: killer (using the context clue of related information) 暗殺者; erased: rubbed out (using the context clue of related information) 擦掉，抹掉,Exercise B,1. The central idea of the whole passage (the thesis sentence): Lincoln had many of th

32、e qualities of leadership that Americans admire. 2. The main idea sentence or topic sentence in Para. 2: Lincolns career fits a popular belief that every child can dream of becoming President. 3. The topic sentence in Para. 3: Lincoln is also admired because of his leadership during the difficult pe

33、riod of the Civil War.,4. The topic sentence in Para. 4: Lincoln had many personal qualities that made him dear to the hearts of his countrymen. 5. The topic sentence in Para. 5: The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. 6. The main idea of the concluding paragraph: The circumstances of his death set Lincoln apart from other American leaders.,Exercise C Understanding Difficult Sentences,1. Writers note that the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. is not unlike