1、高三語法復(fù)習(xí) 形容詞和副詞,形容詞和副詞是語法填空的必考點，每年都有一致兩道題。主要以“用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空”的形式考查考生： 1.能否根據(jù)形容詞和副詞的基本用法判斷該用所給詞的形容詞形式還是副詞形式填空 例1(2012年)Mary felt 18 _(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 解析：在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，表示“高興的”，填。,形容詞副詞,pleased,例2 (2011年)He must be 20 _ (mental) disabled. 解析：修飾分詞形容詞作狀語，用副詞，故填

2、。 例3 (2010年) His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析：修飾動詞smiled，作狀語，用副詞形式，故填。,mentally,warmly,例4(2009年)But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：在形容詞性物主代詞后一定是用名詞形式，故填。,choice

3、,2.能否根據(jù)語境判斷用所給形容詞或副詞的比較級填空。 例5(2012年)It might have made it a little 21 _(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around 解析：作賓補(bǔ)依然是要用形容詞，所以詞類不用轉(zhuǎn)換，可考慮比較級；句中a little常用來修飾比較級，表示“更難一點”，故填harder。,harder,1.形容詞是作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語的典型詞類。因此,在做語法填空時,若句子缺定語、表語或補(bǔ)語,要首先想到用形容詞。 2.副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或整個句子。

4、3.形容詞和副詞的比較等級的常用句型。,解題思路分析：,高考考查：, 考點歸納 考點一形容詞、副詞的功能 1形容詞在句中主要作定語、表語和補(bǔ)足語，但有時也作狀語，表示伴隨、原因等。如： (1).We find the boy considerate.(賓語補(bǔ)足語) (2). He walked in the snow, cold and hungry.(伴隨狀語) (3). Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road.(原因狀語), 考點歸納 考點一形容詞、副詞的功能 2副詞作狀語主要是用作修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等，還可以修飾句子和

5、連接上下句子順序。如： (1)He spoke English fairly fluently.(修飾謂語動詞) (2)Fortunately, none of them was hurt.(修飾整個句子，作出評論) (3)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.(連接性狀語),規(guī)則1：形容詞作狀語是形容主語的性質(zhì)，而副詞作狀語則修飾動詞。如： He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家時又累又

6、餓。,規(guī)則2：有些副詞像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作評注性狀語往往修飾整個句子，對整個句子進(jìn)行說明或解釋，表示說話人的態(tài)度與看法。通常位于句首，常用逗號與句子開。 如：Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. Personally, I dont think he will interview you.,考點二形容詞的位置 1形容詞作后置定語的幾種情況 規(guī)則1：當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some，any，no，eve

7、ry構(gòu)成 的復(fù)合不定代詞，如something，anything，nothing 等時置于不定代詞后。如： Is there anything new in todays newspaper? 今天的報紙上有什么新的東西嗎？ 規(guī)則2：當(dāng)“形容詞介詞/不定式”構(gòu)成的短語作定語時置于被修飾名詞后。如： There is a bag full of rice on his table. 他的桌上有滿滿一袋米。,規(guī)則3：else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。 規(guī)則4：有些表語形容詞作定語時后置，如afraid， alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。 如

8、： Tom was the only boy awake at that time. 湯姆是那時唯一醒著的男孩。 規(guī)則5：有些形容詞既可位于所修飾的名詞之前，也可位于所修飾的名詞之后，其意思可能不變，也可能大不相同。 如：a nearby school a school nearby 附近的學(xué)校； the present situation 目前的形勢； the people present 在場的人們。,2多個形容詞排序 規(guī)則：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡與新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。即：限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等)描繪性形容詞(beautiful, interesting)大小、長短

9、、高低形容詞形狀、年齡、新舊形容詞顏色、國籍、出處、材料形容詞用途、類別形容詞中心名詞。 如：a big round conference table 一張大的圓會議桌 a small shiny black leather handbag 一只小的閃亮的黑色皮包 a blue German sports car 一輛藍(lán)色德國跑車 her charming small round pink face 她迷人的紅潤的小圓臉,副詞的位置： (1). 幾個副詞并列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點時間。如： We had a good time together outdoors last

10、Sunday. （2）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動詞后，行為動詞前。 （3）副詞作定語，定語后置。如： The person there is waiting for you.,(3)作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如： Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. (4）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。 下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而 非副詞： lively、 lonely、lovely、deadly、 friendly、ugly、 silly、 likely、 brotherly、timely 、 daily 、weekl

11、y 、 yearly 、manly等。,表本意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副 詞： deep深 deeply深入地,非常 low位置低 lowly地位卑微 wide寬廣 widely廣泛地 high高 highly高度地 ，非常 near接近地 nearly幾乎，差不多 有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞： dead 完全，絕對be dead asleep deadly非常 be deadly tired,pretty相當(dāng),prettily漂亮地,be pretty certain that be prettily dressed,close近,closely密切地,Dont sit clos

12、e. Watch closely!,late晚、遲,lately最近,arrive late, come late I havent seen him lately (recently).,hard 努力，,hardly 幾乎不,He works hard. He hardly works.,1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞， 加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 構(gòu)成法 原級 比較級 最高級單音節(jié)詞 talltaller tallest 以e結(jié)尾 nicenicer nicest large wise wide 雙寫 bigbigger biggest hot thin fat

13、,形容詞與副詞的比較級,以輔音+y,改為i，再加er或 est easy easier easiest busy happy noisy heavy lucky lazy angry 2)少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞加-er clevercleverer cleverest narrow simple common quiet polite,3)其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞, 在前面加more，most important difficult easily busily 4)少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞在前面加more，most pleased tired fond glad 5)有些詞沒有比較級 right wrong sure

14、 present daily dead wooden middle western Asian round empty perfect enough,6) 不規(guī)則變化 原級 比較級 最高級 good/ well betterbest bad/ ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little lessleast far farther/further farthest/furthest late later / latter latest,不規(guī)則變化,練習(xí),hard useful few littl

15、e well careful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard useful few little well careful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard useful few little well c

16、areful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard,原級 比較級 最高級,harder,hardest,useful,few,most useful,more useful,fewer,fewest,little,less,least,well,better,best,careful,more careful,most careful,great,greater,greatest,many,more,mo

17、st,busy,busier,busiest,fat,fatter,fattest,expensive,more expensive,most expensive,原級 比較級 最高級,beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful,important,more important,most important,difficult,more difficult,most difficult,happy,happier,happiest,good,better,best,large,larger,largest,old,older/elder,oldest/eld

18、est,fast,faster,fastest,easily,more easily,most easily,high,higher,highest,far,farther/further,farthest/furthest,6.形容詞變副詞的方式 1)多數(shù)形容詞 + ly careful useless curious silent sure political surprising general 2) 以-le結(jié)尾的,去e加y gentle simple possible probable reasonable terrible unbelievable,形容詞變副詞的方式,3)以輔音+

19、 y 結(jié)尾的, 改y為i，再加ly angry -angrily busy easy lucky heavy happy noisy 4) 以-ll 結(jié)尾的,直接加y full smell dull 5) 特殊情況 true whole dry shy truly wholly dryly shyly,練習(xí),terrible possible simple great deep true easy comfortable public happy full careful high wide clear fortunate hurried,terribly,possibly,simply,gr

20、eatly,deeply,truly,easily,comfortably,publicly,happily,fully,carefully,highly,widely,clearly,fortunately,hurriedly,willing careless fluent rapid sad slow sudden unexpected lucky personly surprising heavy conscious constant continuous consequent,willingly,carelessly,fluently,rapidly,sadly,slowly,sudd

21、enly,unexpectedly,luckily,personally,surprisingly,heavily,consciously,constantly,continuously,consequently,考點三形容詞、副詞的比較級 1比較結(jié)構(gòu)的使用原則： 規(guī)則1：同級比較要使用： (1)asadj./adv.as； (2)asadj.名詞as。 規(guī)則2：比較級前可用much，far，a lot， a little，a bit， rather， even， still， a great deal 等表示程度，但比較級前不能再用more。 如： She sings far/much be

22、tter than the others. 她唱得比別人好得多。,規(guī)則3：比較級用于否定句中表示最高級的意思。如： It cant be worse. 不可能再糟糕了。 There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.父母之愛，是世間最偉大的愛。 規(guī)則4：最高級可用by far、nearly、by no means和序數(shù)詞等修飾，置于最高級之前。如： He is the second tallest boy in our class.,2倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的三種基本句型 句型1：A is 倍數(shù)as原級as B如： Thi

23、s tree is three times as tall as that one. 句型2： A is 倍數(shù)比較級than B如： The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 句型3： A is 倍數(shù)the size/length/weight/heightof B 如： The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.,溫馨提示 用times表示倍數(shù)時，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)，表示兩倍常用twice或do

24、uble。,3考點結(jié)構(gòu)與句型 規(guī)則1：“the比較級，the比較級” 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越，越”。 規(guī)則2：“比較級and比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越來越”，表示程度逐漸變化。如： Our life is getting better and better. 規(guī)則3：A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對于B就如C對于D?！比纾?Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 發(fā)動機(jī)對于機(jī)器就如心臟對于動物。,溫馨提示 常見的比喻結(jié)構(gòu)還有：as free as a bird，as hungry as a wolf，as str

25、ong as a horse，as clever as a fox，as busy as a bee等等。,規(guī)則4：cant be tooadj. cant beadj.enough 無論都不為過，越越 如： You can never be careful enough. You can never be too careful. 你無論怎么小心都不為過。,規(guī)則5：tooto句型的兩個意義 (1)表示否定意義，意為“太而不能”。如：This question is too hard for me to understand. (2)表示肯定意義，意為“非常，很，極”。當(dāng)too后面接easy，

26、ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時，too表示“很，非?！敝猓cvery表達(dá)“很”的意思相同。當(dāng)too前有all, but, only等詞時，形成only /but/all tooto do結(jié)構(gòu)，仍舊表達(dá)“非常，很，極”之意。如： Im too glad to hear that. 我對此感到非常高興。,規(guī)則6：與than有關(guān)的考點短語 (1)morethan是而不是；與其說不如說 如： That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那個小女孩是累了而不是餓了。(與其說那個小女孩餓了，還不如說她累了。) (2)no more thanonly 只不過(言其少) (3)not more thanat most 不多于，至多( 指事實) (4)no less thanas much as 和一樣多,(5)no fewer than as many as 和一樣多 (6)rather than“而非，不；寧愿也不” (wo