1、,The History of European Music Development,歐洲音樂(lè)發(fā)展史,1,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Continental Europe has more than 40 countries The Europe can be divided into southern Europe, Western Europe, Central European, Scandinavian and Eastern European countries in five regions.,2,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Folk music in Europe is the source of cr

2、eation of musicians as other regions in the world,3,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Art music of Europe is highly developed in recent centuries. Generations of music gurus created a large number of genre diversity, rigorous art, rich in content, profound ideas, highly expressive and impressive musical works.,4,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,歐洲大陸

3、有四十多個(gè)國(guó)家，七億多人口，七十多個(gè)民族。按地理劃分，可分為南歐、西歐、中歐、北歐和東歐五個(gè)地區(qū)。 歐洲民族民間音樂(lè)和世界其他地區(qū)一樣，同樣是音樂(lè)家們創(chuàng)作的源泉。歐洲的藝術(shù)音樂(lè)在近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)得到高度發(fā)展，幾代音樂(lè)大師們創(chuàng)作了大量體裁多樣、章法嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、內(nèi)容豐富、思想深刻、極富表現(xiàn)力和感染力的音樂(lè)作品。尤其是浪漫主義音樂(lè)和民族樂(lè)派音樂(lè)大量吸收、運(yùn)用了歐洲民族民間音樂(lè)的素材。一些民間舞曲也被大師們采用創(chuàng)作出數(shù)不勝數(shù)的名曲。而一些專業(yè)作曲家創(chuàng)作的通俗性音樂(lè)又經(jīng)常由民間歌手和民間樂(lè)隊(duì)表演。,概要,5,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The Brief Introduction of European Music Devel

4、opment,The Renaissance（ 14501600 ） The baroque era （16001750 ） The Classical Period（1750-1827） The Romantic Period（1827-1900） The Impressionism Trend（ late 19th and early 20th century ） The development trend of diversification（ The 20th century ）,6,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1、音樂(lè)史上的文藝復(fù)興起始于1450年左右。那時(shí)一批有才華的音樂(lè)家云集在勃艮第（今天法

5、國(guó)北部、比利時(shí)一代）宮廷，顯示出一派歌樂(lè)升平的氣象，被稱為“法蘭德斯樂(lè)派”。 2、宗教音樂(lè)也繼續(xù)發(fā)展。一個(gè)重大事件是馬丁路德的宗教改革。路德創(chuàng)造了眾贊歌群眾化的音樂(lè)形式，由教徒在禮拜儀式上自行演唱。 3、同時(shí)，羅馬教庭為了對(duì)抗宗教改革，力圖強(qiáng)化圣詠在宗教音樂(lè)中的統(tǒng)治地位。帕萊斯特里那發(fā)展了織體復(fù)雜的多聲部圣詠，把這一體裁推向了發(fā)展的高峰。,7,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1450-1600 - Renaissance,1、Renaissance music history starting in 1450 or so. At that time a group of talented musicians

6、gathered in Burgundy (today northern France, Belgium generation) the court, showing that the school of Songs of peace and prosperity of the weather, known as Flemish School of Music.,8,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,2、Religious music has continued to develop. A major event was Martin Luthers religious reform. Luther creat

7、ed the Chorales music in the form of the masses, by the believers in the liturgy on their own concert. 3、Meanwhile, the Holy order to counter the Protestant Reformation, sought to strengthen the Psalms in the dominance of religious music. Palestrina texture developed complex multi-part chant, the de

8、velopment of the genre into a peak.,9,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The Representative Figure,杜費(fèi)（ Dufay14001474),15世紀(jì)最偉大的作曲家，杜費(fèi)的音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域包括了宗教和世俗兩方面，創(chuàng)立了法國(guó)的復(fù)調(diào)世俗歌曲尚頌。,1、溫柔高貴的心(Franc nuer nentilx) 2、慈悲圣母(Alma redemptoris mater),10,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,假使我的面色蒼白(Missa sela face ay pale),11,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,武裝了的人(Lhomme arme ）,12,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The Represent

9、ative Figure,約翰奧克岡（Johannes Ockeghem，約1410-1497） 據(jù)說(shuō)曾師從班舒瓦，深受布艮第樂(lè)派影響。在彌撒創(chuàng)作中表現(xiàn)出精湛的技巧，他精通各種卡農(nóng)手法 。,13,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The Representative Figure,若斯坎德普雷（Josquin des Prez，約1440-1521） 代表作彌撒曲,14,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The Representative Figure,奧蘭多迪拉索 （Orlando Di Lasso,15321594年） 佛蘭芒作曲家，佛蘭芒學(xué)派的復(fù)調(diào)合唱音樂(lè)在其推動(dòng)下達(dá)到最高水平。他創(chuàng)作了總計(jì)2000余首的彌撒曲、贊美詩(shī)、

10、牧歌和藝術(shù)歌曲。 七首贖罪圣詩(shī)歌是他的杰作。,15,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1600年至1750年-巴羅克時(shí)代,巴羅克時(shí)代是歐洲音樂(lè)大發(fā)展的時(shí)代.在這150年的歷程中,歌劇、協(xié)奏曲、奏鳴曲等題材相繼被創(chuàng)造發(fā)展出來(lái)。,16,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,16001750 The baroque era,The baroque era is the European music big development . In this era of 150 years history, opera, concertos, sonatas and other topics have been greatly developed

11、!,17,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750 ) Germany composer and organist. Born in a musical family, his earliest instruction from his father. After his parents died, Bach received his earliest instruction from his brother.,Portrait of the young Bach,18,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Bachs fame as an organist was grea

12、t during his lifetime, he was not particularly well-known as a composer. His music style was considered old-fashioned by his contemporaries. But now he is regarded as one of the main composers of the Baroque style and widely considered to be one of the greatest composers in the Western tradition.,Ba

13、chs seal, used throughout his Leipzig years.,19,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Counterpoint is a western musical tradition with multiple concurrent melody. Many of the most beautiful examples of canon can be found in the music of J. S. Bach,20,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,Kamarinskaia,Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka,卡瑪林斯 卡亞,21,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,格林卡,Glinka was

14、 the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. Glinkas compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of the Mighty Handful, who took Glinkas lead and produced a d

15、istinctively Russian kind of classical music.,22,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The other works Opera A Life for the Tsar Russlan and Ludmilla Orchestral music Kamarinskaia Memory of a summer night in Madrid Jota aragonaise Music The Lark Nightingale,23,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1750年至1827年-古典時(shí)期,在這個(gè)時(shí)代大顯身手的是維也納古典樂(lè)派的三位大師：海頓（交響樂(lè)之父）、莫扎特（音樂(lè)神童）、

16、貝多芬（樂(lè)圣）。 在歐洲啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)和大革命的洗禮中，歐洲音樂(lè)的主題從延續(xù)近千年對(duì)神的虔誠(chéng)轉(zhuǎn)移到對(duì)理性的崇尚上來(lái)，使得古典時(shí)期的 作品具有豐富的哲理內(nèi)涵。,24,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1750 1827 - classical period,In this day and age to show their talents are three Masters of classical music in Vienna: Haydn (father of the Symphony), Mozart (music child prodigy) Beethoven (Le Saint).,25,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,

17、一、The poet of the pianoChopin 鋼琴詩(shī)人肖邦 (Poland) 二、The king of the songsSchubert 歌曲之王舒伯特 (German) 三、The king of the symphonyHaydn 交響曲之王海頓 (Austria) 四、The saint through the musical history Beethoven 古今樂(lè)圣貝多芬 (German) 五、The music prodigyMozart 音樂(lè)神童 莫扎特 (German),26,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,海頓 莫扎特 貝多芬,27,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The king of

18、 the symphonyHaydn,Franz Joseph Haydn, was a leading composer of the Classical period, called the Father of the Symphony and Father of the String Quartet. he was, as he put it, forced to become original. He created a number of songs in a terrible condition and became leading musician at that time.,2

19、8,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,海頓，是一個(gè)古典時(shí)期的作曲家的領(lǐng)袖， 被稱為“交響樂(lè)之父”和“弦樂(lè)四重奏之父”。正如他自己所說(shuō)“他是被迫成為原創(chuàng)的”。 海頓在艱難的條件下創(chuàng)作了許許多多的作品，也因此成為了當(dāng)時(shí)首屈一指的音樂(lè)家。,29,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The music prodigyMozart,Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer, who is considered one of the most brilliant and versatile composers ever. When he was three years old, he started

20、 playing the piano. He began to compose when he was four years old. When he was seven-year-old，he got a name - music prodigy Mozart died at age 35, he had completed 41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, 23 string quartets, 17 piano sonatas, 7 major operas.,30,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,莫扎特，奧地利作曲家，誰(shuí)曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是最精彩的，多才多藝的作曲家之一。

21、三歲時(shí)他便開(kāi)始學(xué)彈鋼琴，四歲作曲。七歲時(shí)，獲得了一個(gè)稱號(hào)音樂(lè)神童。 莫扎特的時(shí)候35歲去世時(shí)，他已經(jīng)完成了41部交響曲，27首鋼琴協(xié)奏曲，23首弦樂(lè)四重奏，17部鋼琴奏鳴曲。,31,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The saint through the musical historyBeethoven,Ludwig van Beethoven , Beethoven was born in 1770. Ludwig gave his first public performance as a pianist when he was eight years old. At the age of eleven

22、， he received the necessary systematic training sometimes he is considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. He was died in 1827. He was known as the worlds greatest musicians.,32,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,貝多芬，出生于1770年。8歲時(shí)，路德維希讓他第一次和鋼琴家一樣公開(kāi)表演。十一歲時(shí)，他獲得了鋼琴演奏和創(chuàng)作所必須的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練。 他的作品大部分是由他的前輩莫扎特，海頓確立了的古典形式編寫(xiě)的，

23、所以他有時(shí)被認(rèn)為是古典傳統(tǒng)中的最后一個(gè)杰出的作曲家。他死于1827年。他被稱為世界上最偉大的音樂(lè)家 。,33,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,1827年至19世紀(jì)末-浪漫主義時(shí)期,1827年貝多芬的逝世結(jié)束了嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓诺渲髁x時(shí)期。此時(shí)的歐洲文化正經(jīng)受浪漫主義潮流的洗禮。 十九世紀(jì)中后期隨著歐洲民族主義思潮的抬頭，一些民族國(guó)家開(kāi)始有了用自己民族音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作的音樂(lè)家 如芬蘭的西貝柳斯、挪威的格里格、俄羅斯的強(qiáng)力集團(tuán)等，可稱之為民族樂(lè)派。,34,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,In 1827 to 19th century - The Romantic Period,In 1827 Beethovens death ended

24、the period of strict classicism. Baptism of romantic trend of European culture are suffering at this time. Late in the 19th century with the rise of European nationalism,creation of Finlands Jean Sibelius, and Norway Grieg, and Russias powerful group, called national music.,35,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,肖邦是波蘭作曲家，鋼琴家，演

25、奏家。他是浪漫主義音樂(lè)的巨匠之一。他也被稱為“鋼琴詩(shī)人?！?就像少時(shí)的莫扎特和貝多芬一樣。 在8歲，他在第一次在正式登臺(tái)演奏中一舉成名 肖邦是一個(gè)具有普遍吸引力的天才。他的音樂(lè)是人類(lèi)溝通的通用語(yǔ)言。 但是，大家都意想不到的是，在39歲，他默默地去世了。那時(shí)就像明星隕落一般。,36,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,The poet of the pianoChopin,Chopin is a Polish composer, virtuoso pianist. He was one of the great masters of Romantic music. He is also known as the p

26、oet of the piano. As Mozart and Beethoven, at the age of 8,he shoot to fame when the first time he performanced in public. Chopin was a genius of universal appeal. His music is the universal language of human communication. But, as everyone unexpected, only 39 years old, he silently died. As a star

27、fell at that moment.,37,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,38,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,works,The magnum opus Peer Gynt Suite Piano Concerto in a Minor Norwegian Folksongs and dances Springdan Aa grisen hadde eit tryne Solfager og Ormekongen God morgen,39,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,a小調(diào)鋼琴協(xié)奏曲,【挪威】格里格 曲,40,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,19世紀(jì)末至20世紀(jì)初-印象主義潮流,音樂(lè)上的印象主義與繪畫(huà)上的印象派或有相通之處-都十分注重色彩(盡

28、管音樂(lè)色彩和顏料的色彩不同)和外界景象在藝術(shù)家本人心中的印象.德彪西和拉威爾是此派的代表人物。 20世紀(jì)-多元化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 20世紀(jì)西方音樂(lè)發(fā)展方向多元化。,41,學(xué)習(xí)交流PPT,During the late 19th and early 20th century - Impressionism Trend,The music of impressionism and painting or impressionist similarities. All attention to color and external scene impressed in artists heart . Debussy and Pull will is the representative figure of the pie . 20 century - diversified development trend .20th century western music development direction is diversification!,42,學(xué)