1、music,preposition +which / +whom attibutive: follow me!,定語從句,介詞+關系詞的定義,當介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時，介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關系詞前,he is the person _ you spoke to,that/who/whom,he is the person _ you spoke.,whom,this is the house _ i lived in 4 years ago,this is the house _ i lived 4y ago,that/which,which,to,in,the city

2、 which she lives in is far away.,the man whom you spoke to is our headmaster.,the farm which we worked on ten years ago is beautiful.,this is the tree which we used to play games under.,the farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.,the man to whom you spoke is our headmaster.,the city in w

3、hich she lives is far away.,this is the tree under which we used to play games.,介詞+關系詞的功能,一、“介詞+關系代詞” 結構在定語從句中主要起關系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當狀語。用在介詞后的關系代詞只有whom, which和whose 三個，不能用that. 二、介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。 三、先行詞時物時，介詞后用關系詞which，先行詞是人時，介詞后用關系詞whom. 四、表所屬關系時用of which /whom,the boy _ parents are both doctors won the

4、first place in the exam.,whose,the boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.,=of whom the parents,關系副詞when, where, why 和介詞+which之間的關系,關系副詞when, where, why可以用 適當?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。 如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。,1. i wont forget the date on whic

5、h i was born. 2. this is the room in which i lived. 3. i dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. tom still remembers the days during which they lived in tianjin. ! 5. hangzhou is the place to which i went last year. 6. i remember the day on which my father died. i was only ten years

6、old at that time.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介詞+關系詞中介詞的選擇,根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞或形容詞搭配的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)從句句意的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)主從句搭配關系的需要來確定介詞。,the money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone. he will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam. this is the mountain village _ which i

7、stayed last year. ill never forget the farm _which i worked together with you.,一、根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞,with the money 用錢,on,with,in,on,on the day 在那天,in the mountain village在山村,on the farm在農場,he is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. the girl _ whom you are talking is working . the west l

8、ake, _ which hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. the man _ whom i shook hands just now is my daughters english teacher.,二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定,learn from sb. 向某人學習,talk to/with sb. 與某人交談,be famous for 因為而聞名,shake hands with sb. 與某人握手,from,to/with,for,with,air, _which man cant live, is really imp

9、ortant.,三、根據(jù)定語從句句意或主從句的搭配關系來確定,the pen _ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.,this is my pair of glasses, _ which i cannot see clearly. he is the girl _ whom you went to concert last night.,without,with,without,with,一般情況下，介詞放在關系代詞which和whom之 前，也可放在動詞后。,固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前. 常見的這類動詞短語有: look

10、for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等. this is the right place im looking for. the girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,介詞+關系詞中介詞的位置,介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句,關鍵是判斷介詞的選擇,方法一是看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習慣搭配),再則可以通過整個句子整體含義來判斷,結合生活實際來判斷.,tips,1. do you like the book on which she spent $10?

11、2. do you like the book for which she paid $10? 3. do you like the book form which she learned a lot? 4. do you like the book about which she often talks?,介詞+關系代詞的使用,5. the man to whom i spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing. 6. glasses, without which i cant see clearly, are really i

12、mportant for me. 7. china is a beautiful country, of which we are proud. 8. do you remember the day on which you joined our club?,this is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =this is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.,1.名詞+介詞+關系代詞,we have three foreign teachers, two of w

13、hom are from canada.,2.數(shù)詞+介詞+關系代詞(含基數(shù)詞.序數(shù)詞.分數(shù)和百分數(shù)）,3.代詞+介詞+關系代詞（代詞有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）,the old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers. i have many friends , some of whom are from china.,4.形容詞最高級+介詞+關系代詞,china has thousands of islands, the largest of which is taiwan island.,

14、5.介詞+關系代詞+名詞,he spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.,look at these sentences !,we bought a house in front of _ there is a lake. we had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood. mike reached the post office, on the right of _ he noticed a supermarket.,which,which

15、,which,the man _i shook hands just now is my daughters english teacher. a desert is a great plain _ nothing will grow. he was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag. this is my pair of glasses, _i cannot see clearly.,with whom,in which,from whose,without which,5.the girl _he spoke made no answer

16、. 6.the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _are sold abroad. 7.they asked me a lot of questions, many _ i couldnt answer. two men, _i had ever seen before, came into my office. 我以前從未見過他們,neither of whom,to whom,of which,of which,9.he got his first salary，_ he gave to his

17、parents. 其中一半 10.our country has many islands, _is taiwan. 其中最大的 11.the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.,the largest of which,half of which,of which, 介詞加關系代詞的基本用法,the man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. the room _ my family live

18、 used to be a garage. did you find the pen _ i wrote just now? did you find the paper _ i wrote my letter? did you find the composition _ i wrote just now?,with whom,in which,with which,on which,which,the farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. he is the man you can turn for help. this

19、 is the tree we used to play games.,on which,to whom,under which,on the farm 在農場,turn to sb. for help 向某人求助,under the tree 在樹下,the sun gives us heat and light, _ we cant live.,the student _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.,ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye to me.,

20、who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?,without which,about whom,on which,for which,1. the teacher_ _ i learnt most was mrs zhu. 2. this is the house_ _ luxun once lived. the reason _ _ i came here is that i want to get your help. 4. the fellow _ _ i spoke made no answer. 5. the west la

21、ke, _ _ hangzhou is famous ,is a beautiful place.,from whom,in which,for which,to whom,for which,practice,1.do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? a.in front of it b. in front of whose c.in front of which d.in front which 2.ill never forget the day_i joined the league. a.on which b

22、.in which c.which d.at which 3.the woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. a. who b.to whom c.to who d whom,c,a,b,4.jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. a.from who b.from whom c.to that d.to whom 5.his glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. a.whi

23、ch b.with which c.without which d.that 6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. a.who b.that c. from which d.from whom,b,c,d,7.he built a telescope_he could study the skies. a.in which b.with that c.through which d.by it 8.do you know the reason_he was late? a.that b.which c.for wh

24、at d.for which 9.i have bought two ballpens,_writes well. a.none of which b.neither of which c.none of them d.neither of them,c,d,b,10.the second world war_millions of people were killed in 1945. a.during which b.in that c.where d.on which 11.china has many rivers,_the changjiang river is the longes

25、t. a.which b. in which c.among which d. one of which 12.this is the very knife_i used to cut apples yesterday. a.that b.by which c.which d.with which,a,c,d,13. the speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high. 14. in the park there are many flowers,the colour _ which is bright and nice. 15. the li

26、ttle girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures. 16. what were the things_which he was not too sure? 17.they held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech. 18.the book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.,at,of,in,about,at,for,19.is this the man_whose house the police found

27、 the lost coloured tv? 20.the villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the japanese soldiers. 21.wu dong,_whom i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 22.the stories about long march,_which this is one example,are well written.,in,through,with,of,i wil

28、l never forget the day _ i first went to school. 狀語 i will never forget the day _ we spent in beijing. 賓語 the house _ we visited is being repaired now. 賓語 the house _ luxun once lived is being repaired now. 狀語,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,the reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is tha

29、t he was ill. the reason_he gave isnt believable. 賓語,why,that whichx,1. this is all _ i know about the matter. a. that b. what c. who d. whether 2. is there anything else _ you require? a. which b. that c. who d. what,考點一:that 與which 的區(qū)別,先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, no ,something, any

30、thing等不定代詞時，關系代詞用 that,4. he talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. a. which b. that c. it d. whom,先行詞為人和物的組合，關系代詞用that。 若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或 which，為了避免重復, 關系代詞用 that。,7. which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? a. that b. which c. where d. it,6. is oxygen the

31、 only gas _ helps fire burn? a. that b. / c. which d. it,先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時，關系代詞用that。,5. the last place _ we visited was the great wall. a. which b. that c. where d. it,1. 先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anythin

32、g等不定代詞.,2.先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時。,3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時。,4. 先行詞為人和物的組合。 5.若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者 which，為了避免重復, 關系代詞用 that。,只用that的情況:,考點一:that 與which 的區(qū)別,1. jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. a.w

33、hich b that c this d.it,只用which的情況:1.逗號后面 2.介詞后面,2. the day _ he was born was aug .20 ,1952. a on which b that c which d.this,一個句子,兩個定語從句,為避免重復,一個用that,另一個用which.,let me show you the novel that i borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us. a that b which c where d as,anyone _breaks the law is

34、punished. those _ break the law are punished. he _ breaks the law is punished.,在one, anyone, those 指人時一般用“who”。he/she/i / they作先行詞時, 用“who” 代替 “that”.,考點二: that 與who的區(qū)別,who,who,who,考點三:介詞+關系代詞,提醒: 介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句, 關鍵是判斷介詞的選擇. 方法一:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞習慣搭配； 方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系。,注意：關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞

35、”引出。此時關系代詞只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。,1. the man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2. the room in which my family live used to be a garage.,the man is from beijing university . i talked about him at the meeting. the man (who/whom/that) i talked about at the meeting is from

36、beijing university.,=the man about whom i talked at the meeting is from beijing university.,關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。,但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。,is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?,考點四：as與which引導的定語從句,兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換,但下列情況多用as。 1.當與such或the same、so、as連用時，一般用as。 such books as you tell me are interesting i have the same plan as you. 2.as 引導的從句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如,正象”之意，與之連用的詞有 know、see、expect、announce、point out 等。 as we all know, the earth is round.,1. _ engels pointed out , labour