1、,LOGO,The Textual Function,語篇功能,Introdunction,01,Textual Function,02,Three routes,03,Conclusion,04,Contents,韓禮德（1925）,Introduction,As with any field,there are a number of competing views in the study of syntax(語法；句法).Arguably as important as Chomskys theory,is Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG).Howeve

2、r,the mastermind behind the systemic-functional perspective is M.A.K.Halliday,1.Ideational functions,3.Textual functions,2.Interpersonal functions sion:,The textual metafunction enables the realization of the relation between language and context, making the language user produce a text which matche

3、s the situation. The textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms(機(jī)制,原理) to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent(機(jī)制;原理) and unified(統(tǒng)一的) text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.,An example,（1）John saw a handbag in a fiel

4、d. John walked across a field and picked up a handbag. John took a handbag to the police station and John handed in a handbag as lost property. When John handed a handbag as lost property, John went home. （2）John saw a handbag in a field. He walked across the field and picked up the handbag. He took

5、 the handbag to the police station and handed it in as lost property. When he had done this， he went home.,后者讀起來比前者更像統(tǒng)一連貫的語篇。這兩組句子在概念成分(ideational)和人際成分(interpersonal)方面頗為相似，在語篇成分(textual)上卻有著區(qū)別。前者忽略了某些成分重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，將它們一概視作首次出現(xiàn)的成分。后者則使用定冠詞代替那些已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的名詞前面的不定冠詞，用he和it替換其他的一些名詞，用do this替換短語。諸如此類的連接成分一起被當(dāng)作銜接

6、語篇的組成部分。,We can easily find,It has three routes:,(1)Theme (2)Information (3)Cohesion(凝聚，結(jié)合),(1)Theme,Definitions the starting point of the clause message realized in English by first position in a clause must contain a participant, process or circumstance（環(huán)境，情況，事件) includes any element preceding(之前的

7、） the first participant, process or circumstance Multiple theme,The concept of theme is an important one in functional approaches to syntax. It is the first constituent, and denotes the starting point of the clause. Eg: (a)Gas explosion killed thousands (b)Thousands were killed by gas explosion,11,(

8、2)information 典型形式： 1 His boldness surprised me。（主語是主位；末尾是新信息） 2 The teacher is very intelligent. 有標(biāo)記形式： 3 From the city bookstore he bought the book。 Eg: (a)James enjoys tennis more than John (b)James enjoys tennis more than John enjoys tennis,(3)Cohesion and coherence,Halliday it refers to relatio

9、ns of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text. Halliday & Hasan (1976: 4): “Cohesion occurs where the interpretation （解釋）of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another.” For example: John/Alan is a friend of mine. He is from London. (he = John, he = Alan),C

10、ohesion is realized by grammatical（符合語法規(guī)則的） and/or lexical （詞匯的）devices. Coherence is realized by the interlocutors（談話者） shared knowledge. Two types of cohesion: (1) grammatical cohesion, (2) lexical cohesion（凝聚，結(jié)合）,(a) Reference John is a student of linguistics. He is (b) Substitution（代替，置換） John needs a new dictionary. Hes decided to buy one. (c) Ellipsis I need some pens. Have you got any? (d) Conjunction He was very uncomfortable. Nevertheless, he fell asleep.,Conclusion,Textual function is enable the speaker or writer to construct a text and enables the listener or reader