1、定語從句 vs 同位語從句attributive clause vs appositive clause,語法功能和概念 先行詞 引導(dǎo)詞,語法功能和概念上的區(qū)別,定語從句形容詞性從句：對先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行描述與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系（即修飾限定） 同位語從句名詞性從句：對前面名詞進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充性解釋說明 它與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即前面名詞是從句的概括總結(jié)，從句是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容 名詞與該同位語從句有邏輯上的系表關(guān)系，可用“主+系+表”來構(gòu)成它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，而定語從句與它所修飾的先行詞無法用be來構(gòu)成語法上的邏輯關(guān)系。（即解釋說明）,語法功能和概念上的區(qū)別,實(shí)例：there is

2、a faint chance that you will find him at home. 若用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，則是“a faint chance is that you will find him at home”,這在邏輯上成立。 實(shí)例：it was the chance she had been waiting for. 而“the chance is she had been waiting for”這在邏輯上不成立。,先行詞上的區(qū)別,定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個主句。 同位語從句的先行詞是抽象名詞，如：idea，news，answer，fact，

3、hope，thought，belief，order，truth，possibility等。同位語從句的先行詞往往沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 實(shí)例：the messages that he would teach us english cheered us up yesterday .（） 注意：stage,situation,point,case,position,condition等詞一般用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表達(dá)“階段、情況”,先行詞上的區(qū)別,實(shí)例：the boy who is playing football is my classmate those who work hard will suc

4、ceed the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody the fact that you are talking about is important 在句中，其先行詞是普通名詞boy，是定語從句，它不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。 在句中，其先行詞是代詞those，是定語從句，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。 在句是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，句便是一例。 由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。,引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別

5、,定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個：that，when，where，why。 引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 *we are investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.,引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別,1引導(dǎo)詞that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分（作賓語可省略），并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用且不可省略。 實(shí)例：the news that you told me yesterday was rea

6、lly exciting noonecandenytheessentialfactthatthetrafficproblemoverthelastyearshascausedwidepubicconcernallovertheworld. 句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。 句是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。,引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別,2引導(dǎo)詞when，where，why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞關(guān)系代詞的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞關(guān)系代詞的形式 peoplewil

7、lalwayskeep in mindthetimewhen(=at which)hongkongandmacaoreturnedtoourmotherland. people trapped in the room had no idea where they were when they regained awareness. the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months ,during which(=when) the sailing time was 226 days. forever goneare thed

8、ayswhen(=on which)thechinesepeopleused“foreignoil”. harmoniousinterpersonalrelationshipistheprimaryreasonwhyienjoyworkinghere.,小結(jié),translate sentences below：,1.thiswastheperiodwhennewtonbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreationofhisfamoustheoryofgravity. 2.he made a promise that whoever could set hi

9、m free, he would show him all the treasures in the world. 3.a bright idea suddenly struck me that i could use the money i saved to help a poor student in the countryside. 4.althoughheisagreenhand,hehasenterpriseandcreativitywhicharedecisiveinwinningsuccessinthefield. 5.the whole truth came out at la

10、st that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing . 6.the possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.,practice makes perfect:,1.there is no obvious evidence _there is life on any other planet in the solar system. a.which b.that c.how d.where 2.icanthinkofmanycases_

11、studentsobviouslyknowalotofenglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay. a.where b.which c.that d.at which,practice makes perfect:,3.there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. a. that; to be improvedb. which; to be improved c. where; improvingd

12、. when; improving,practice makes perfect:,4. a story goes _ elizabeth i of england liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. a. when b. wherec. what d.that 5. of the two brothers, bill is _ younger one, and he is a quite boy, _that most adults like very much

13、. a. a ; one b. a ; the one c. the ; one d. the ; the one,thanks for listening,livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass. -johnruskin 生活沒有目標(biāo)，猶如航海沒有羅盤。-羅斯金 what is your aim?,還可以說：it struck/hit/occur to/come to sb that. 都表達(dá)某人突然想到. *,類似的用法還有：there is no doubt/denying/possibility/chance that.無疑/不可否

14、認(rèn)/不可能 注意:固定搭配it is no wonder that.難怪 there is no denying that the phenomenon has harmed all the animals that the earth is becoming increasingly warm. *,以下隱含有“地點(diǎn)”之意的詞如：point,situation,stage,position,case,condition常用where(=介詞+which)引導(dǎo)定語從句 thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint_hecanwal

15、kcorrectlyandsafely. a.whenb.wherec.whichd.whose *that is the point that the teacher wants to stress. *,固定搭配the/a story goes that.意為據(jù)說.=it is said that. 類似表達(dá)如：the news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. the rumour spread that a new school would be built here. report has it that the smiths are leaving the town. word/news came that most people had survived the accident. *,isthisfactory_yourfatherwor