1、Lesson 39 Am I all right?,Vocabulary,operation n. 1.手術(shù)2.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), 經(jīng)營(yíng)3.行動(dòng), 活動(dòng) The doctor advised an immediate operation . operate vi. (對(duì))動(dòng)手術(shù) v.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn); 操作;經(jīng)營(yíng), successful adj. 成功的 successful in 在成功的 She is a successful businesswoman. success n. 成功 knfdns 信心 Confidence of success is almost success. succeed v. She

2、s the type of person who succeeds anywhere.,following adj. 下一個(gè) prep. 在之后，接著 第二天the next day, the following day 第二個(gè)星期the next week, the following week patient n 患者, 病人 The patient was amused at the music. adj. 有耐心的 Enid was a good teacher. She was very patient with her pupils. patiently adv.,alone ad

3、j. 獨(dú)自的 alone 用作形容詞，通常只是表示客觀上的一個(gè)人，而不表示寂寞或孤獨(dú)等感情色彩，并且在句中只用作表語(yǔ)。 lone用作形容詞,表示“孤單的”、“單獨(dú)的”、“無(wú)伴的”等，通常只用作定語(yǔ): a lone house in the field lonely 表示“寂寞的”、“孤寂的”，帶有較強(qiáng)感情色彩，相當(dāng)于 sad because one lacks friends or companions，可用來(lái)說(shuō)明人，也可用來(lái)說(shuō)明 life, days, years 等; 可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。lk 缺少; leave me alone我煩著呢, 別理我 / leave him alone 讓他一

4、個(gè)人呆會(huì)兒 kmpnin同伴,exchange n.交換, 調(diào)換, 兌換, 我想把這件衣服換一件小點(diǎn)尺寸的。 Id like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size. vt.交流, They exchanged experience at the meeting . inquire v. 詢(xún)問(wèn), 打聽(tīng) inquire sth of sb 從某人那打聽(tīng) inquire about sth 詢(xún)問(wèn)，查問(wèn)；打聽(tīng) inquire into 調(diào)查，探究 inquire for 求見(jiàn)；要找,certain adj. 某個(gè) some+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)表示

5、某個(gè)(某一個(gè)) certain 后面的東西不能定 a certain boy / two certain boys 某一個(gè) a certain +n : a certain patient = some patient 某兩個(gè)two certain +n(復(fù)數(shù)) : two certain patient for some reason由于某個(gè)理由,caller n 1.打電話的人2.訪問(wèn)者,探望者 The operator told the caller that the line is busy. He is one of the regular callers here. relativ

6、e n. a member of your family My uncle is my nearest relative.,While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.,當(dāng)約翰.吉爾伯特住院的時(shí)候，他問(wèn)醫(yī)生他的手術(shù)是否成功，但醫(yī)生拒絕告訴他。,The following day, the patient asked for a bedside teleph

7、one.,第二天，這位病人要了一部床頭電話。,When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.,當(dāng)房里只剩他一個(gè)人時(shí)，他接通了醫(yī)院的交 換臺(tái)，要求與米靈頓醫(yī)生講話。,When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert.,當(dāng)這位醫(yī)生接過(guò)電話時(shí)，吉爾伯特先生說(shuō)他想詢(xún)問(wèn)一個(gè)病人的情況，是一位名叫約翰.吉

8、爾伯特的先生。,He asked if Mr. Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.,他問(wèn)吉爾伯特先生的手術(shù)中 否成功，醫(yī)生告訴他手術(shù)很成功。,He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.,然后他又問(wèn)吉爾伯特先生什么時(shí)候可以回家，醫(yī)

9、生說(shuō)他在醫(yī)院還必須再住上兩個(gè)星期。,Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr. John Gilbert.,之后，米靈頓醫(yī)生問(wèn)打電話的人是否是病人 的親屬?！安皇?，”病人回答說(shuō)，“我就是約翰.吉爾伯特先生?！?Have my operation been _?,successful,成 功,He asked the doctor,to tell him,success,successfully,succeed,whethe

10、r,his operation had been successful,be in hospital,opetate,patient,John Gilbert,The doctor refuse to do so.,I am sorry. I cant tell you about that.,1. refuse to do sth.,2. refuse 反義詞,accept,He asked for a bedside telephone.,a bedside telephone,ask for,The following day,be alone,lonely,獨(dú)自的,孤獨(dú)的；偏僻的,a

11、lonely island,He has no friends, so he feel lonely.,telephone,call sb,call sb up,ask sb to do sth.,May I speak to doctor Millington?,ask for,The hospital exchange,ask sb to not do sth.,Im inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John.,inquire,詢(xún)問(wèn)；打聽(tīng),What did he say?,he,_inquiring about a certain pati

12、ent.,He said,was,Has Mr Gilbets operation been successful?,What did he ask ?,He asked,_Mr. Gilbets operation _successful.,if/whether,had been,What did the doctor tell him？,Yes, It has been succeessful,it had been successful.,He told him_,When will he allowed to go home?,What did he ask?,He asked_,wh

13、en,he _ be allowed to go home,would,He will have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.,The doctor told him _he _ stay in hospital for another two days.,What did the doctor tell him?,Are you a relative of the patient?,What did the Dr. Millington ask?,He asked _ he _ a relative of the patient.,th

14、at,would have to,was,if,No. I am Mr. John Gilbert.,What did the patient say at last?,Grammar,直接引語(yǔ) and 間接引語(yǔ) 在日常交流中，有時(shí)我們需要引述別人的話。直接引用別人的原話（放在引號(hào)內(nèi)）就是直接引語(yǔ)，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語(yǔ)。,二、直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)多為帶賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程應(yīng)注意下列變化： 1）動(dòng)詞 間接引語(yǔ)主句動(dòng)詞主要有say, ask , tell, wonder 等。如： He said to mum, “I can do house work for

15、you.” He told mum that he could do housework for her. She said to me, “Do you like milk?”She asked me if I liked milk.,2) 句式/連詞,陳述句：say +that從句 tell+ sb. +that從句 She said to me I will came back an hour ago. She told me (she said to me) that she had come back an hour before.,一般疑問(wèn)句：ask/wonder + whethe

16、r/ if+從句 She said ,Are you going interested in English. He ask (me) if /whether I was interested in English. 選擇疑問(wèn)句： ask/wonder + whether+or/or not I asked him, “will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I ask him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. 反意疑問(wèn)句：ask/wonder + wheth

17、er/if +從句 Youve already got well, havent you? she asked. She asked whether /if he (I ) had already got well. 特殊疑問(wèn)句： ask+ sb.+特殊疑問(wèn)詞+從句 He ask me ,“Whats your name?”（疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序） He asked me what my name was.（陳述語(yǔ)序）,如果在直接引語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，則語(yǔ)序不需要變化. “Who can answer my question?” the teacher said to us. T

18、he teacher asked us who could answer the question. “Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class? asked the boys father. The boys father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.,祈使句：ask/tell/advice/+ sb.+ (not) to do sth suggest that+從句 He said to me “shut the window, please

19、”（肯定句） He ask me to shut the window. He said,“ Dont make so much noise”（否定句） He told us not to make so much noise. “Lets go to the cinema.“ Tom said.（表建議） Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema. 感嘆句： What或that引導(dǎo) She said,“ What a lovely day it is! She said what a lovely day it was. She said

20、 that it was a lovely day. He said,“ How interesting the story is! She said how interesting the story was. He said that the story was interesting.,直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句,間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with this new word?” He asked（me）whether/

21、if I had any difficulty with that new word. 間接引語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語(yǔ)提前時(shí)用whether不用if。 Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment .,whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，“是否” 在口語(yǔ)或間接引語(yǔ)中兩者可以互換使用。I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. 在有些情況下，whether和if的用法有一定區(qū)別。 1. whether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or或or not直接連用，而if一般不能。如： Le

22、t me know whether you can come or not. 2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo) 而不能用if。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則不能。如： 我不知道我是接受還是拒絕。 I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但if不能。如： 我擔(dān)心我是否傷害到她的感情。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

23、,直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)“闖五關(guān)”,第一關(guān)：人稱(chēng)代詞與指示代詞 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)代詞和指示代詞的變化。要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的對(duì)象進(jìn)行人稱(chēng)的變化，并使句子的意思前后一致。如： “You should be careful next time，”my father said to me. My father told me that I should be careful next time. Tom said to me, “ I can help you with your English.” Tom told me that he could help me with my Engli

24、sh. He said, “This book isnt mine.” He said that book wasnt his.,人稱(chēng) 人稱(chēng)的變化“一主、二賓、三不變”。 意為在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)里的第一人稱(chēng)照主句的主語(yǔ)變化。第二人稱(chēng)看主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)而變化，第三人稱(chēng)無(wú)需變化。 Tom said to Kate , Are you going there with me? Tom ask Kate if she was going with him. 第一人稱(chēng)me隨主語(yǔ)Tom變化為him,，第二人稱(chēng)you隨Kate變化為she。 Kate said to Tom , Are you going

25、 there with me? Kate ask Tom if he was going with her. 第一人稱(chēng)me隨主語(yǔ)Kate變化為her,第二人稱(chēng)you隨賓語(yǔ)Tom變成he。 I said to Tom , Are you going there with me? i ask Tom if he was going with me. 第一人稱(chēng)me隨主語(yǔ)I 變化，第二人稱(chēng)you隨Tom變化為he.,指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方向性動(dòng)詞的變化,第二關(guān)：引導(dǎo)詞 1. 如果直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如： She said, “Im very glad t

26、o have such a chance.” She said that she was very glad to have such a chance. 2. 如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。如： He asked me, “Do you like the film?” He asked me if/whether I liked the film. 3. 如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如： My sister asked me, “What are you doing?” My sister asked me w

27、hat I was doing.,第三關(guān)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要做相應(yīng)的變化。如把now改為then, today改為that day, yesterday改為the day before, ago改為before, tomorrow改為the next day, here改為there等。 He said, “Ill go there today.” He said that he would go there that day. 注意： 如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come 不用改成go,如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomo

28、rrow也不用改變。 Kate said, I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English. Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those student with their English. Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.（在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述）,第四關(guān)：時(shí)態(tài)的變化 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主句

29、為現(xiàn)在（或?qū)?lái)）時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不變；如果主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如： He says, “I am going to Beijing tomorrow.” He says that he is going to Beijing tomorrow. 2. She said to me, “Li Ping will come tomorrow.” She told me that Li Ping would come the next day. 溫馨提示：如果轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容是客觀真理時(shí)，自然現(xiàn)象或是諺語(yǔ)、格言時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, “Water boi

30、ls at 100.” He said that water boils at 100.,主句（直接引語(yǔ)）是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變； 主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)要改為相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。,直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),第五關(guān)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。引導(dǎo)詞要放在間接引語(yǔ)的最前面，接下來(lái)按“主謂賓”順序排列。即：直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)序 He asked Mike, “Where did

31、 you go?” He asked Mike where he had gone.,“Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. B 2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He a

32、sked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. C,3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting a

33、long C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along C 4. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter D,5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to ; not to do B. said to ; dont do C. told ; dont do D. tol

34、d ; not to do D 6.Canyoumakesure_? A.thathewillcomeheretoday B.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheretoday A 7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddress B.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressis D.theplaceheraddressis C,8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettoth

35、elibrary B.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibrary D 9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlike B.ifornotwouldIlike C.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlike C 10.Idliketoknow_Chinese. A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearn C.whendidhebeginlearnin

36、g D.forhowlonghebegantolearn A,直接引語(yǔ)變 間接引語(yǔ),1、人稱(chēng)的轉(zhuǎn)變 1）直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱(chēng)一般與說(shuō)話人一致。 如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱(chēng)轉(zhuǎn)換為與聽(tīng)話人一致。 如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.,3）直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱(chēng)，如果原話是

37、針對(duì)第三人稱(chēng)說(shuō)的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱(chēng)。 如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.,4）人稱(chēng)的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等， 如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to

38、the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 總之，人稱(chēng)的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對(duì)待，要符合邏輯。,2、時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句（即間接引語(yǔ)部分）的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過(guò)去時(shí)范疇的各種時(shí)態(tài)（實(shí)際也是賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求），變化如下：,直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),3、直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句

39、時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)須改變的情況 1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候， 如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out. 2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候， 如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)部分帶有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that

40、he went to college in 1994. 4）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)， 如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，,如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our t

41、eacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）當(dāng)引語(yǔ)是諺語(yǔ)、格言時(shí)， 如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 7）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時(shí),如：She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she ha

42、d to take the medicine. 注：此處用had to代替must更好 8）此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there, 動(dòng)詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。 4、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)及某些對(duì)比性的指示代詞和動(dòng)詞變化,1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： 直接引語(yǔ) （間接引語(yǔ)） now （then）； today (that day）； tomorrow （the next / following day ） next week （the next / following

43、 week） yesterday （the day before） two days ago（two days before ） this week/month/year (that week/month/ year) 2）指示代詞：these 變成those,3）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：here變成there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）動(dòng)詞：come變成go，bring變成take 5、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that

44、在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直用接引語(yǔ)中的said, 也可用told來(lái)代替，注意，可以說(shuō)said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說(shuō)told that,如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination t

45、he next Monday.（不可說(shuō)told that） 2）直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，（也稱(chēng)是否疑問(wèn)句，）間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序。,如： He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 3） 直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如：

46、He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,4）直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，改成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask（sb.）來(lái)表達(dá)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。 如： He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. 5）直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語(yǔ)，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn),狀語(yǔ)、人稱(chēng)及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。 如： He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated. 6）有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述， 如： He said, “Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest 7