1、定語從句復(fù)習(xí),What is attribute 定語？,定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示 a clever boy the boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for,定語從句（Attributive Clauses）,1.定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)_詞或_詞的句子叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞_， 2.先行詞：被_的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。 3.關(guān)系詞：用來_定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系代詞的種類： 關(guān)系代詞：_ _ _

2、_ _ 關(guān)系副詞：_ _ _,名,代,后面,修飾,引導(dǎo),that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行詞 定語從句所修飾的 名詞或代詞,關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句 代替先行詞 在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,定語從句 修飾名詞或代詞 緊跟在先行詞后,(,),學(xué)會(huì)找出先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句,Have a try,1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2. I like the book which you bought

3、 yesterday. 3. The house where he lives needs repairing. 4. I still remember the day which we spent together.,先,關(guān),(,),先,先,先,關(guān),關(guān),關(guān),(,),(,),(,),結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞關(guān)系詞從句,注：1.介詞提前時(shí)一般只用which和whom。 2.whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which/ of whom,This is the detective who came from London. The book which I am reading is written by

4、 Tomas Hardy. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.,(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking

5、 about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.,關(guān)系代詞that 和which的區(qū)別,1.宜用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,(3) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 這是以前從未上演過的最有感染

6、力的電視劇。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我們必須要考慮啟動(dòng)我們工作的第一件事。,2. 宜用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 當(dāng)定語從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用which。 The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，要用which。 He bought a railway ticket for the w

7、oman, which helped her a lot.,as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B

8、. that C. whichD. heIt rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it,as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是

9、系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。,(3)當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.注意： 當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在MARY

10、婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。,判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.,判斷改錯(cuò)1. This is the mountai

11、n village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.,F,F,T,T,方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 Is this museu

12、m _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one,例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on whi

13、ch都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。,關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。,區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定

14、語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語從句,2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2)

15、 The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.,3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2

16、) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.,Exercises,Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy.A. what B. that C. who D. which 2. Look at the

17、 watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. thesame; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that 3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,4. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more t

18、han we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it 5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _ he grew up as a child. which B. where C. that D. when 6.He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. whi

19、ch I think it D. I think which is,7. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. which B. it C. she D. he 8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 9.Is this the only reason _ at the m

20、eeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that he explained B. what he explained C. why he explained D. which he explained,Grammar,1. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. It B. where C. that D. Which 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom

21、 D. whose 3. Is there anything else_ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what,4. Whats the name of the man_? A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed,修飾主語、賓語、表語的句子就叫做定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：,定語從句,關(guān)系代詞： that，who, whom whose, which,關(guān)系

22、副詞：when, where，why,定語從句的位置,定語從句一定放在被修飾成分之后。,e.g. This is the car that he bought last year.,先行詞,定語從句,Do you know the man? He spoke just now.,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,關(guān) 系 代 詞,注：1.介詞提前時(shí)一般只用which和whom。 2.whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which/ of whom,that指人或物， 在定語從句中做主語或賓語, 作賓語時(shí)可以省略。,The house that Im

23、 going to buy faces south.,Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen.,Who 指人，在從句中可做主語和賓語。作賓語時(shí)可省略。,The people who called yesterday wanted to buy the house.,The couple sent us a card. We meet the couple on holiday.,The couple (who) we met on holiday sent us a card.,whom指人, 在從句中作賓語, 可省略。,e.g. Do yo

24、u know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?,The girl is from America.,I called her just now.,The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.,which 指物, 在句中作主語或賓語, 作賓語時(shí)可以省略。,e.g. Im not interested in the book which has just been published.,I have read the newspaper.,It carries the important

25、 news.,* whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語。,eg. Thats the man whose house was burned down.,1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. 2. Ill never forget the days _ _we spent together. 3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,幾種易混的情況,及物動(dòng)詞,4. I went to the place

26、_ I visited ten years ago. 5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave.,which,why/ for which,that/which,及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,填空： 1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi. 2. She is a teacher _ I like very much. 3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _will go to the park

27、 stay here. 5. That was all the money _I had.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6. Tom is the first boy _left the room. 7. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _I have. 9. That was the year _I went to America. 10. We came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.,t

28、hat,that,that,when,where,圍繞高考來釋難,一、,只用that的情況,練！,1.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all much.little.something. everything.anything.nothing.none.the one時(shí),2.當(dāng)先行詞前面有only.any.few. little.no.all. very等詞修飾時(shí),3.當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或它的前面有形 容詞最高級修飾時(shí),4.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),5.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),6.當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí),7.有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用 which，另外一個(gè)宜用t

29、hat,When: 指時(shí)間 Where: 指地點(diǎn) Why: 指原因 I will never forget that day when I joined the party. This is the house where he was born. Tell me the reason why you were late this morning.,Put the umbrella where it was.,Put the books where you took them.,定語從句？還是?,比較：,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,Put the book_it is when you hav

30、e finished reading. A. which B. where C. in which D. at the place,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where,定語從句,定語從句三步： 第一找出先行詞； 第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）； 第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。,1.This is all_I know about the matter

31、. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. it,Choose the best answers:,4. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,5.Is oxygen the only g

32、as _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,7. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once the grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew. 8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of w