1、Lecture 8 English Letters,書信是應(yīng)用文主要考試題型,包括自薦信、邀請(qǐng)信、投訴信、感謝信、介紹信、說(shuō)明書、推薦信、求職信、祝賀信等。如2001年6月（寫一封信給一位校友，對(duì)度假安排提出建議）以及2002年1月（要求就本校食堂的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信）。書信寫作格式非常重要，格式不正確往往是很多考生失分的主要原因。,一封正式的英文書信通常包括下面幾個(gè)組成部分：信頭(Heading)、信內(nèi)地址(Inside Address)、稱呼(Salutation)、正文(Body)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Complimentary Close)、簽名(Signature)、附件(Enclosure)、

2、副本轉(zhuǎn)送(Carbon Copies)、再啟(Postscript)等。,英文書信的組成部分,一般包括寫信人的地址和寫信日期。一些正式信函的信頭還包括寫信人或單位的電話號(hào)碼、傳真和郵政編碼等。西方國(guó)家中有些信頭甚至還有單位負(fù)責(zé)人的姓名、職務(wù)和職稱。信頭的目的是使收信人一看便知道書信來(lái)自何處，何時(shí)發(fā)出，便于復(fù)信和查閱。 寫信頭時(shí)，先寫發(fā)信人的地址，然后寫其他項(xiàng)目和發(fā)信日期。具體次序是：第一行寫門牌號(hào)和街名；第二行寫區(qū)名、市、省、國(guó)家名；國(guó)家名前加上郵政編碼，國(guó)家名稱后面可以加上電話號(hào)碼，最后一行寫發(fā)信日期。,信頭,Foreign Languages Department College of F

3、oreign Languages Beijing University Beijing,100044 Peoples Republic of China Tel:86Aug.20,2009 (美式),579 Qianwangang Road Huangdao,Qingdao,Shandong Peoples Republic of China 20 Aug.,2009 (英式),并列式,斜列式,信內(nèi)地址即收信人的姓名和地址，它要寫在信紙的左上角，低于寫信人地址和發(fā)信日期一兩行寫。其書寫順序是，先寫收信人姓名、頭銜和單位名稱，占一二行，然后寫地址，可占二至四行。,信內(nèi)

4、地址,Mr.William Wood 81 Fifth Street Washington D.C. 10038 U.S.A.,Mr.William Wood 81 Fifth Street Washington D.C. 10038 U.S.A.,并列式,斜列式,Junior Class 1 Dept. of Education Shandong University No.579 Qianwan Road Qingdao, 266000 Apr. 6, 2008,信頭 寄信人的地址和日期,Zhiyuan Middle School, No.579 Qianwan Road Qingdao,

5、 266000,信內(nèi)地址 收信人地址,Dear Mr. Wang,稱呼,Learning from Mr. Zhou, a teacher in,正文 每段開(kāi)頭右縮進(jìn)約五個(gè)字母,Sincerely yours,Li Wei,結(jié)束語(yǔ)及簽名 正文下一、二行處,Encl: Personal Resume,關(guān)于稱呼,不認(rèn)識(shí)的人：Dear Sir/Madam 認(rèn)識(shí)但不熟悉的人：Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Dr./ Prof. Smith 朋友：Dear Mary,關(guān)于結(jié)束語(yǔ),寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體或不認(rèn)識(shí)的人：Yours truly, Truly yours, Yours faithfully, Yo

6、urs sincerely 寫給長(zhǎng)者或上級(jí)：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours obediently 朋友或親戚：Yours, Ever yours, Yours ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love, Your devoted friend,信件常用稱呼和落款用法,附件 信件若有附件，應(yīng)在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。若多個(gè)附件，則應(yīng)寫Encls. 副本轉(zhuǎn)送 信件若有副本轉(zhuǎn)送，應(yīng)在左下角注明CC. 再啟 再啟部分用來(lái)補(bǔ)充正文中遺漏的話，一般

7、應(yīng)盡量少用，正式的文件中更應(yīng)避免使用。如果有可用P.S.補(bǔ)敘,并列式/齊頭式/正排式 這種格式的要領(lǐng)：每個(gè)要素都從左邊開(kāi)始排列，每一行都不向右縮進(jìn)，因而 整封信的左邊成一垂直線，右邊參差不齊，單倍行距，段與段之間要空一行。這種格式在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函中是目前最為流行的英文書信格式。,Your Name Adress Phone Date Re: To what this letter refers CERTIFIED MAIL PERSONAL Recipients Name Company Name Address Attention Recipients Name Dear*,Body Sinc

8、erely, Signiture Encl: cc:,信封的寫法,Wang Haibo Department of Environment Hefei University of Technology Hefei, 230009 Anhui,China,寄信人姓名地址,寄件人姓名地址,Dr. William Jones,收件人姓名,University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh 15213,收件人地址,英文書信的基本原則 英文書信的書寫可概括為7個(gè)C原則：Completeness （完整）, Clarity（清楚）, Concreteness（具體）, Concisen

9、ess（簡(jiǎn)明）, Correctness（正確）, Courtesy（謙恭）, Consideration（諒解）。,1. 完整 一封完整的書信，有助于建立和表達(dá)友善關(guān)系，可以避免由于疏漏所導(dǎo)致的訴訟；一封書信寫得是否完整，建議用5個(gè)W來(lái)檢驗(yàn)。例如在定貨信中，必須明確說(shuō)明：（1）需要什么商品 （What you want）；（2）何時(shí)需要（When you need the goods）；（3）貨物發(fā)到何地何人收 （to Whom and Where the goods to be sent）；（4）如何付款（How payment will be made）；（5）為什么（Why）；如拒絕對(duì)

10、方的要求，或?qū)?duì)方提出要求時(shí)應(yīng)說(shuō)明理由,2. 清楚 清楚是指寫信者必須將所需傳遞的信息表達(dá)清楚，以免對(duì)方產(chǎn)生誤解。例如： 原句：I am writing to apply for admission to your university. 改為：I am writing to apply for admission to the graduate school of your university in the spring of 2009.,3. 具體 書信中的具體原則指信要寫得具體明確。特別是答復(fù)對(duì)方要求的信，一定要具體，如對(duì)電報(bào)、電傳的日期、號(hào)碼等要交代清楚。例如： 原句：We wish

11、 to confirm our telegram yesterday. 改為：We confirm our telegram of March 18.,4. 簡(jiǎn)潔 書信應(yīng)行文流暢、言簡(jiǎn)意賅，避免冗長(zhǎng)。例如： 原句：We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter 改為：We apprciate your letter,5. 正確 英文書信中，除了避免語(yǔ)法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤外，所引用的史料、數(shù)據(jù)等也應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。,6. 謙恭 語(yǔ)言要有禮且謙虛，及時(shí)回信也是禮貌的表現(xiàn)。,7. 諒解 寫信時(shí)要處處從對(duì)方的角度考慮有什么需求，而不是從自身出發(fā)，語(yǔ)氣上更尊重對(duì)方。例

12、如： 原句：We wont be able to sent you our latest catelog this month. 改為：We will sent you our latest catelog next monty.,特殊信函（1） 投訴信,開(kāi)頭段：說(shuō)明與收信人的相關(guān)性，并標(biāo)明寫作意圖。 主體段：寫明投訴的原因，要展開(kāi)說(shuō)明?？梢哉f(shuō)具體理由，也可以說(shuō)問(wèn)題的具體體現(xiàn)方式。此外，提出你對(duì)如何改進(jìn)或解決問(wèn)題的建議，清楚地表明你希望問(wèn)題如何得到解決。 結(jié)尾段：表達(dá)你希望上述問(wèn)題得到迅速解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望，并對(duì)有關(guān)人員作出的努力表示感謝，希望盡快得到滿意的答復(fù)。,特殊信函（1） 投訴信,Dear

13、 *, _. Now I am writing to complain about _. _. But I am completely disappointed at what I experienced there. Firstly, _. Moreover, _. Worse of all, _. I believe _. It is not properly settled, I would complain to the Consumers Association. At the same time, I sincerely hope that _. I would be glad t

14、o see _ and I look forward to a day when _.,句型：I am writing to you to complain about To improve this situation, it is advisable to take the following measure. For one thing. For another, I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible.,特殊信函（2） 求職信,開(kāi)頭段：說(shuō)明信息來(lái)源，并說(shuō)明寫作意圖。 主體段：介紹相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷

15、及個(gè)人本性，以表明你可以勝任這個(gè)職位。 結(jié)尾段：表示強(qiáng)烈的期盼，并希望盡快得到答復(fù)。,特殊信函（2） 求職信,Dear Sir or Madam, I wish to apply for the position for _ that you advertised in _. I am a student _, and I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job, _. I have a fair mastery of _. As for experienc

16、e, _. Therefore, I am confident that _. Incidentally, could you please inform me of _? I hope _. I can be reached at _. Thank you for considering my application again. I am looking forward to your reply and eventually, meeting you.,句型：I have read your advertisement in(刊物名)of(時(shí)間)for a secretary, and

17、should be grateful if you consider me as a candidate for the position. I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.,特殊信函（3） 詢問(wèn)信,開(kāi)頭段：說(shuō)明寫作意圖，說(shuō)明寫這封信的目的是尋求什么樣的信息或幫助。 主體段：詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息的重要性。 結(jié)尾段：表達(dá)獲取信息的強(qiáng)烈期盼，提供聯(lián)系方法以供收信人與你聯(lián)系。并對(duì)有關(guān)人員表示感謝。,特殊信函（3）

18、詢問(wèn)信,Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing in the hope that_. I am a student majoring for _, who_. I am longing to join a club or community because _. Furthermore, _. In my spare time, _. Specifically, I would like to _. If possible, I would like to _. I would be much obliged to you if _. And I am looking

19、forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.,句型：I would like to inquire about some information on I shall be grateful if you could have details concerning I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.,道歉信句型,I must apologize to you for Please accept my sincere

20、apology for once more.,感謝信句型,I am thankful to your for your unselfish assistance during My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words. I wish I could repay it someday.,邀請(qǐng)信句型,I am pleased to invite your to participate in to be held formtoin I am looking forward to your reply, and e

21、ventually seeing you.,求學(xué)信句型,I wish to apply to admission to your department as a postgraduate student. It would be appreciative of you if you could send me some relevant information at your earliest convenience.,推薦信句型,I am very glad to recommend to you a student of mine, Mr./Miss, to be an ideal can

22、didate for If any further information about him/her is required, please let me know.,A Request for Studying Abroad,Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to pursue my study in mathematics toward master degree in your university. My name is Wang Fri, an undergraduate student of the Department of Science, Shandong University. Next year in the summer, I will gr