1、定義及構(gòu)成 非謂語動詞主要包括不定式 the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. （2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語： The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。,

2、（3）作賓語補足語： 如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。 （4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：作時間狀語： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanc

3、ed worker.在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。 作原因狀語： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。 作方式狀語，表示伴隨： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 作條件狀語： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。 作結(jié)果狀語：,He dropped the glass, breaking it into piec

4、es. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。 作目的狀語： He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開

5、了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。 有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。 作獨立成分： udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細心。,（四）過去分詞： 過去分詞只有一

6、種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。 過去分詞的句法功能： 1過去分詞作定語： Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。 Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。 注意當過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。 2過去分詞作表語： The window is

7、broken. 窗戶破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別： The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被動） 有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：,boiled water（開水） fallen leaves（落葉） newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽） the chang

8、ed world（變了的世界） 這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3過去分詞作賓語補足語： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。 4過去分詞作狀語： Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride

9、of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間） Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.雖然被告之有危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）,Filled with hopes and fears, he

10、 entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進山洞。 編輯本段典型習題 1The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until 1919. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動的選項，故排除A、D；因B選項表“將要被舉行”意，不合題干之用，只有C選項（相當于which was first played）才合用。 2European football is pla

11、yed in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 析：B、C是謂語動詞，在此不可用。D項to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語，表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例： The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風雪所阻，因而耽誤了。 3Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this

12、evening. A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking 析：根據(jù)this evening,應選表示將來義的選項，C、D應排除。Take后無賓語，必然要用被動式，故答案為A。,4John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing析：根據(jù)be made to do sth.句式，可定答案為A。 5The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.

13、A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating析：根據(jù)warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D兩項；又根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。 6I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 析：此題可根據(jù)why not后直接跟原形動詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項改為try to go，則要根

14、據(jù)其與try going意義之別來確定答案。依據(jù)題干對話內(nèi)容，乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣，所以答案仍為D。 7_ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 析：非謂語動詞的否定式not應置于首位，B、D皆為錯誤形式。A項不能表達先于decided的動作，只有選C項才表沒收到信在先，決定再寫信在后，所以C為正確答案。 8Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the fir

15、st computer. A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented,析：consider表“考慮”意時，其后動詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認為”，這時consider后作賓語補足語或主語補足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個選項。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合題用，故選C。 9Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to in

16、vite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：“被邀請參加晚會”，應選表被動意的選項，B不可用。D項少引導詞who，也應排除。又因短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作定語，C也應排除，只有A.invited(who were invited)才是正確答案。 10The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back. A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied 析：B表主動意，應排除。C表“將要被捆綁”，A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意，只有D項填入

17、空白才能表達“雙手被反綁著”這一意思，符合題干情景。再看一類似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了進來。 編輯本段更多練習 1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving,2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.to be written B.

18、written C.being written D.having written 3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing 4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing 5.When passing me he pretended _ me. A.to see B.not having seen C

19、.to have not seen D.not to have seen 6.The children insisted _ there on foot. A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going 7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken,8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had lef

20、t. A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out 9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led 10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being an