1、 Nokia Solutions and Networks 12015,5G for people and things,Key to the programmable world,i,5G RAN Architecture,Overview February 25th, 2016,31/16/2018,Main drivers and use cases Key concepts Overall architecture User- and control-plane architecture LTE-5G and multi-RAT integration Multi-connectivi

2、ty options Mobility concepts,Outline,Main drivers and use cases,51/16/2018,5G for people and things diversity of use cases and requirements,10 years,on battery,10-100,10 000,1 ms,M2M,100 Mbps,10 Gbps,avg. goodput,Ultra,reliability,ultra low cost,x more devices,peak data rates,x more traffic,latency,

3、3D video /,Autonomous driving,Throughput,Sensor NW # of D,Power evices | Cost |,Remote control,of robot,Latency | Reliability,Capacity for everyone,Mission critical,broadcast,4K screens Work in,the cloud,Smart city,Industry 4.0,cameras Flexibility VR gaming,for the,unknown,Extreme,Mobile Broadband,C

4、ritical,machine,comm,typeunicati,on,Massive,machine,commu type,nicati,on,alization,other,Some pu for distri,b,h for cen ution,Diversity of Requirements,spectrum,New spectrum,Front and backhaul,requirements,how separate,entities need to,collaborate (eCoMP,dual connectivity,etc.),Coordination,among sm

5、all cells,and with macro,Reduce,latency to,milliseconds,Instant response,Shorter TTI and,functionalities “in,b the box” growB,unctionality (e.g,f eyond basic eN .,core functions, ),trMulti-Cell,coordination,At L1 or higher,layers,Several 100 MHzs HetNet,Ultra Dense,Network,High # of Small,Cells,dist

6、ribution 61/16/2018,distribution,centralizatio,n,centralizatio,n,71/16/2018,Mobile Network Topology,Larger European operator,macro,macro,pre-aggregation,small cells,small cells,macro,x10.000,macro sites,x100.000,small cells,sites,central,gateways,CN functions,x1.000 x100,pre-aggregationaggregation s

7、ites,x10,central,gateways,aggregation,site,Interne,t,Operato r,services,edge,cloud,edge,cloud,sta,r,chain,tree,Interne,t,ring,= potentialsite for data center,/aggregation/local breakout point,RRHs,Diverse x-haul, network topologies, aggregation,scenarios,macro,Distance and latency to radio access in

8、creases,Local breakout,and functions,5,G,Core network,LTE,5G,LTE,5G,5GLTE,5G anchored in LTE,(LTE-5G Dual Connectivity) 81/16/2018,5G and LTE stand-alone,LTE anchored in 5G (5G-LTE Multi-Connectivity),5,G,5G with multi-hop,self-backhaul,5,G,virtualized,hardware,5G with D2D and,local switching,5,G,Lo

9、cal GW,RAN cloud RAN functionsMEC,RAN-CN interface,Self-backhaul interfa,LTE air interface 5G air interface RAN interface Fronthaul interface,Device to device Sensor/IoT device,Overall view,Key concepts and objectives,11/16/2018,5G Radio Architecture and network design principles,Flexibility and sca

10、lability of,functions: C/U Plane, Cell/UE,related,Load-adaptive scaling,Centralized architecture allows better view to take better decision,(e.g. central scheduler, traffic s,teering),diverse deployment scenarios,depending on available xhaul,Optimization of control,plane and user plane,entities,Elas

11、ticity,Any xhaul,Integrated Control,Multi connectivity,Lean functional,architecture,LTE5G,UplaneCplane,UEUE,5G cmW,5G mmW,0,Objectives,Top-4 Objectives,1)5G Common Architecture,Design cmW,mmW,WAcommon higherlayerarchitectureand,protocolstacks.Considering multi-layer andIRAT:5G,LTE,WiFi,LAA,2)Multi-c

12、onnectivity by design,RAN architecturaloptionsforspotty5G coverageandmulti-,connectivityusecases.Supportforcentralanddistributed,funton.Suppotforhghthoughputandrobutnssuecae.sssesrirsic 3)Native Cloud RAN,Designinterfacesandprotocolstacktoallow flexiblefunctional,splitacc.to Fronthaulanddatacenterca

13、pabilities.Support,Cloudimplementation,scaling,anddynamicresourceallocation.,Cloud-friendlyprotocoldesign.,4)Network flexibility,Supportnetworkslicing,andfunctional allocationacc.toend- to-ndsrie.scveeConidrSDNappoahsbydsgnwthc-paneliieecres 11/1a6/n0du812,Scenarios,5Gonly:WA,cmW,mmW,Inter-RAT:5G+LT

14、E+WiFi,+LAA,any xhaul,Deploymentstudies,Spectrum,1,Focusisbothlicensed,(andnon-shared) and,nonlicensed(WiFi),spectrumcases.,Key concept: Network Convergence Sublayer,Single layer for all RATs and Multi-Connectivity,NCS,IP,Ethernet,New services,LTE,5G,WA, cmW,mmW,WiF,i,LA,A,Tight integration and cont

15、rol,Support for all services and use cases,1,1/16/2018,2,Key concept: Flexible Fronthaul Split,From ideal to non-ideal Fronthaul,RF,PHY,MAC,RCS,NCS,Netw.,Mgmt.l,RF,PHY,MAC,RCS,NCS,Netw.,Mgmt.l,C-RAN (BB-pooling),Distributed (LTE),Executed at BS,Centrally executed,Centrally executed,Executed at RRH,C

16、entralized NCS,Centrlized L1H,Flexible Functional,1,1/16/2018,3,Split,Ideal,Fronthaul,Non-ideal,Fronthaul,Key concept: Topological Flexibility,Adapt to operator infrastructure and network topology,3.) Centralized Scenario,C/U-plane aggregation in the same site (LTE Dual Connectivity baseline) Issues

17、: U-Plane capacity (processing and fronthaul/backhaul) in macro eNodeB,Core Cloud,small cells,macro,Data center,1.) Macro-cell as aggregation point,Core cloud,macro,U-plane aggregation nodes for reduced x-haul requirements distributed processing load,Cloud-RAN scenario with centralized U- plane and

18、C-plane,small cells,5G, WiFi, LAA,macro WiFi,2.) Dedicated aggregation for small cells Core Cloud,1,1/16/2018,4,Overall architecture concept,5G- rtL2 5G-L1,5G-RF,Core network,5G-,nrtL2,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-CP,5G-RF,1. Integrated base station,5G-,nrtL2,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-CP,5G-RF,5G-,nrtL2,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1

19、,5G-CP,5G-RF,5G-RF,5G-,nrtL2,5G-CP,5G-RF,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-RF,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-CP,5G-RF,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-,rtL2,5G-L1,5G-RF,5G-,nrtL2,5G-,nrtL2,BTS,BTS,RRH,RRH 2. C-RAN,Base Band,DUDU 3. Flexible Fronthaul Split,CU,CU (UP),CU (CP),DU,RRH 4. Distributed C/U-Plane,BTS,Flexible,U-Plane C-Plane,1,1/16/

20、2018,6,Flexible RAN Architecture,MSM:,Mobility and Session Management,Entity uGW:User-plane GateWay 5G-NB: 5G-NodeB, radio, 5G-Uu termination X2*:Interface between 5G-NodeBs S1*-U: Interface for user-plane data,towards uGW S1*-C:Enhanced control-plane interface For a detailed functional split descri

21、ption see 1 and 2,Basic RAN architecture,Functional split,Basic architecture,1,1/16/2018,7,Logical architecture with Fronthaul Split,Distributed 5G-NB configuration Fronthaul Interface is transparent to NW and UE: MNC is visible as 5G-NB from NW perspective MNC manages and controls 5G-RAPs S1 and X2

22、 interfaces are per MNC, not per 5G-RAPs 5G-RAPs can be macro, small cell, pico cell, mmW, NCS in MNC is responsible for multi-connectivity features: aggregation, steering, robustness,1,1/16/2018,8,Support for Fronthaul Split and non-co-located User-plane offload,Logical architecture Sidehaul Interf

23、ace is transparent to network and UE Si needs to support for U- Plane configuration and data There is a logical 1:many relation between MNC-C and MNC-U 5G-RAP may have interfaces to MNC-C and to one or more MNC-U,MNC-U terminates S1*-U and,X2*-U interfaces towards uGW,5G-NB NCS in MNC-U supports spl

24、it SF to different radio legs split SF over Si interface,Co-located or,11s/p1l6i/t20S18,9,non-co-located,Evolved Core Cloud,5G-NB,Dedicated node for U-Plane functions,For scaling, offload support,MSM,uGW,S1*-C,5G-RAP,RCS MAC PHY,Legacy,LTE eNB,S1*-U,Si,Fs-C,Fs-U,UE,Uu*,Uu,MNC-U,NCS,C-plane X2-AP,U-p

25、lane X2-U,MNC RRC NCS,WLAN,AP,TWAG,WLAN,AC,2,1/16/2018,0,Support for Cloud RAN,21/16/2018,One-tier vs. two-tier Cloud-RAN Scenarios,Radio units,Centralized/virtualiz,ed,hardware,NW interfaces,Upper (pSr1o/tXoc2o)l stack,Remote Radio Heads,Centralized/virtualiz,ed hardware,NW interfaces,L(2S1+ /-X2L3

26、),L1-L2,Fronthaul,Midhaul,Backhaul,Backhaul,Fronthaul,One tier Core Network,Two tier Core Network,L1-L2,L1-L2,RRH,2,Interface options for Fronthaul Split,UE,L1H-,L1L,RF,CPRI+,logical NW,entity,L1-L RF,MAC-L1,eferre,(not prd),L1 RF,RCS MAC L1 RF,NCS-RCS,RRC N,RRC,RRC N,RRC,Multi-node,controller,(MNC)

27、,5G-RAP,Core Network Central Unit RRC,CPRI base line,synchroneous,asynchroneou,s,5G should be deployable,2,1/16/2018,3,supporting different,infrastructure characteristics. Optimal functional split may,depend on the available,Fronthaulcharacteristics,for latency and capacity.,5G radio specifications,

28、should consider functional,split and not limit,deployments.,5G Logical Architectural Framework for Fronthaul,RF+BB1,BB2,Fs-U-H,Fs-C-L,Fs-C-H,Split to Higher Layer and Lower Layer 5G-NB Fs-OM-L,Fs-OM-H,BB3 S1, X2 ,5G-Uu Fs-U-L,2,1/16/2018,4,Higher Layer,Split,Lower Layer Split,Support for flexible fu

29、nctional split,Flexibility for Fronthaul and Service Requirements,Core network,T1 aggregationT2 aggregation MNC,RCS MAC L1H,NCS,RRC,uGW/MSM,NCS,MNC RRC,Non-ideal FH,X2*,S1*,Fs-H,S1*,Local uGW Low latency services Distance and latency to radio access increases,L1L,L1L,RCS MAC L1,RCS MAC L1,2,1/16/201

30、8,5,Ideal FH Fs-L,Multi-Service Support,7,Multi-service Multi-Connectivity support,Split bearer at,secondary node,May be located,in RAN cloud,Scenario: Inter-5G-NB with Fronthaul Split MNC can act as master and secondary node from UE perspective,NCS in MNC responsible,for: aggregation, steering,robu

31、stness Multi-connectivity features: NCS can route to 5G- RAPs over Fs and other 5G-NBs over X2 RRC-M can be dislocated from NCS user plane 2 an1c/1h6o/r2018,21/16/2018,8,Locally Switched Any-to-Any Connectivity Services below the uGW,5G-NB Modeled with integrated Packet Data Switch,A group of UEs co

32、nnected to a locally switched service instance e.g. VLAN,Note! Only User,Plane,Connectivity is,shown,Hosts in a Locally Switched Service assign their IP,Addresses from the,uGW (Default Router),Local Switching is,executed in the 5G-,NB integrated Packet,Data Switch,functions,Protocol Architecture,Key

33、 concept: Unified protocol stack for 5G air interface,5G Convergence Layer Common Functionalities,(NCS and RRC),Unified Upper Layers Independent of 5G radio interfaces,Parameterization, configuration, and implementation optimized for specific radio interfaces,Unified upper,protocol stack for all,rad

34、io interfaces,IP,EthernetAny protocol,0,3,1/16/2018,1,Single common protocol for all radios: NCS (Network convergence sublayer) Flexible location, depending on deployment and requirements Multi-connectivity traffic handling for U-Plane and C-Plane: routing, splitting, duplication Common RRC for cent

35、ralized control of multi-connectivity functions Reduce signaling and coordination complexity Flexibility for different multi-connectivity scenarios NCS as transport layer for signaling service flows Radio Convergence Sublayer (RCS) and Unified MAC Parameterizeable for 5G use cases and requirements b

36、ased Optimized for parallel processing in Cloud Application control scheduling for QoE management and enforcement,Main Principles,NCS Key Functionality and Architecture Characteristics,Participate in leg,addition/deletion,Partition traffic across multi-,connectivity legs Multi-connectivity,within SF

37、,sub-floIwn-Service-Flow,Allows granular handling of UE,traffic and multi-connectivity,per-SF e.g. different locations,for high- and low-latency SFs,Allow Multiple NCS,instances per UE ,anchorone per Service Flow,NCS location in network can be,based on QoS, network topology,multi-connectivity state,

38、processing load,Network-topology awareness,usiFngleex.g.ibSDleN selection of,NCS placement,Flexible adaptation to change in,flow characteristics, multi-,At receiver, re-ordering per-connectivity, processing overload,Differentiation NCS can be relocated,Awareness of state of lower-On-the-fly, identif

39、y sub-flows,delays, etc. on each multi-,OlanyerDbuLff,ersF, lpoatwh anCdoqnuetuerinogl,coanindecstivpityalregtitioning of,traffic,Multi-,connectivit,y,QoS,Topological,flexibility,PHY,NCS,Service flow,NCS- FCP,3,1/16/2018,2,5G-UE: 5G User Equipment 5G-NB: 5G NodeB,Protocol stack,User plane,3,1/16/201

40、8,3,Control plane,NCS: Network Convergence Sublayer RCS: Radio Control Sublayer,NCS: Network Convergence Sublayer RCS: Radio Control Sublayer 5G-UE: 5G User Equipment 5G-NB: 5G NodeB NCS-FCP: NCS Flow Protocol (interface AP),Protocol stack,With support for Multi-Connectivity,User plane,Control plane

41、,MSM: Mobility and Session Management Entity uGW: User-plane GateWay NCS-SRF: NCS instantiated for an SRF,3,1/16/2018,4,3 5,User plane protocol architecture,NCS: Common convergence layer for UP, CP,traffic; Splitting, selection, duplication of packets;,selection of radio legs; within the network, ma

42、y,not be co-located with RCS.,Radio Flow: RFL is the service provided by the,Layer 2 for transfer of data between User,Equipment and 5G-RAN.,Radio Sub Flow: The service provided by NCS,layer for transfer of data between UE and 5G-,RAN mapped to a specific QoS Queue. RCS: Buffering, Segmentation, ARQ

43、, re-ordering,MAC: Multiplexing to transport channels,radio/QoS scheduling,QoS Architecture,Service flow (SF) provides end to end connectivity between the UE and the Service edge S1* connection delivers service flow packets between the RAN and the uGW,Radio Flow and Radio Sub-Flows (RSFL) transport

44、SF packets between the 5G-NB and the,UE. The data packets of the SF can be mapped to multiple RSFLs, each representing a,radio level QoS class. A radio link transports RSFL packets between the UE and the AP. There is one to one relationship between the RSFL and the radio link in single connectivity

45、case. In the case of multi-connectivity, RSF can be mapped to multiple radio links each belonging to different radio.,QoS Architecture,3,C7onfidential,AS classifies application flows into sub-service flows (SSFs) and performs scheduling The AS informs the 5G-NB about the specific service attributes

46、and the identification of SSFs. Based on the received SSF level information, 5G-NB configures its radio stack The RFL split function of the AP maps data packets to RSFL based on the SSF information.,Application scheduler (AS),QoE Management and control close to RAN or in CN,3,C8onfidential,9,3,R1a/1

47、d6i/o20s1c8heduler/MAC has no visibility to,application flows or a radio services but sees the,Mapping from NCS to RCS and QoS queues,Example of with two radio legs (multi-connectivity) and two service flows Basic principles: One NCS entity serves one Service Flow (radio flow) One RCS entity serves

48、one NCS entity Multiple RCS entities can serve the same NCS entity Configuration, setup and operation: During setup, at least one RCS entity is configured for the setup NCS entity with default configuration and QoS. The setup and termination ofradio (sub-)flows is performed by RRC. NCS can route pac

49、kets to multiple RCSentities in different radio legs belonging to the same Radio Service.,Control Plane -RRC,41/16/2018,1,RCS,MAC,PHY,RRC,NCS,RCS,MAC,PHY,Control-Plane principles,RRC,NCS,X2*,To Core (S1*-,C),RCS,MAC,PHY 5G-UE,RRC,NCS,RCS,MAC,PHY,RCS,MAC PHY,RRRRCC-S,RCS,MAC,PHY,RCS,MAC PHY,RRRRCC-S,

50、5G-uU,cmWave radio,leg,Wide area radio,leg,mmWave radio,leg,X2* or,Fs,RRC-Master,RRC-S coordination,UE state,management,Local RRC (transparent),implements configuration,by RRC master,Not visible by UE,NCS,Routing of RRC and user-plane,messages,Selection of radio legs,implementation of reliability,sc

51、hemes,Logical view: One RRC entity in UE communicates with RRC-M over different radio legs,Transport view: NCS performs message routing for RRC from and to different radio legs,Key concept: Separation of logical from transport plane for control messages,RRC in UE,Single RRC entity for all,radio legs

52、,Single sta,te machine,RCS,MAC PHY,RRRRCC-S,Signalling,radio flow,(SRF),41/16/2018,2,Baseline: Multi-connectivity with signalling reliability,Single RRC Motivation: Multi-connectivity control based on Dual Connectivity principles Support for signalling robustness by using multi- connectivity Principles: M5G-NB hosts RRC-Master and is the mobility anchor. One or more S5G-NBs provide additional resources (i.e. radio legs) to the UE S5G-NB hosts a transparent RRC entity invisible to UE handles radio parameters for S5G-NB Addition Request mai