1、賓語補足語 的用法,英語的五個基本結(jié)構(gòu) S 十 V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) S 十 V 十 P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) S 十 V 十 O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 說明： S主語；V謂語；P表語； O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語； C賓語補足語,1S 十 V 句式 He runs quickly他跑得快。 2S 十 V 十 P 句式： The story sounds interesting這個故事聽起來有趣。 3S 十 V 十 O 句式 They built a house last year他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?4S 十 V 十 O1

2、 十 O2 句式 He offered me his seat / his seat to me他把座位讓給我。 5S 十 V 十 O 十 C 句式 They found her happy that day他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。 I found him out我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie他們給這個男孩起名為查理。 I saw him come in and go out我見他進來又出去。 They felt the car moving fast他們感到汽車行駛得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him

3、他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關(guān)閉了。,一、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：,1、名詞： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：常用名詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有： call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。 注：充當賓語補足語的名詞若表示正式的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠詞，如： They elected John chairm

4、an of the committee.,2、形容詞： You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open. 注：常用形容詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有： believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。,3、現(xiàn)在分詞： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I c

5、ould feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.,一、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：,5、過去分詞： He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had their house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.,6此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當賓語補足語，如： When d

6、o you want it back? Why didnt you invite them in? We could hear the children at play outside.,4、動詞不定式： Nobody could make him change his mind. Would you like me to come along with you? He believed the earth to be a globe.,一、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：,二、賓語和其補足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：,1、當名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語充當賓語補足語時，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)

7、系（或稱表語關(guān)系），若無賓語補足語，則句意不完整。賓語補足語說明賓語的情況、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或?qū)兕惖?。試比較： We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.) You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.) We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.),二、賓語和其補足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：,3、當過去分詞充當賓語補足語時，它與賓語之間有著

8、動賓關(guān)系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如： I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (This song was once sung in Japanese.) I didnt want the children taken out in such weather. (The children were taken out in such weather.),三、在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補足語的動詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補足語；還有的動詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語：,1、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語

9、補足語的動詞有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。例如： She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking.,2、只能用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, w

10、orry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for / think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。,3、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen t

11、o, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。,四、使用不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式符號 to 的取舍問題：,1、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等動詞后的不定式需省去 to 。 2、feel 一詞，跟 to be 型不定式帶 to；跟 to do 型不定式不帶 to。 3、help 一詞后的不定式，可帶 to，也可以不帶 to。,（請參見“動詞不定式”一節(jié)）,五、在復合賓語

12、中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時也可以用不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或that從句來充當。這時，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：,I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. Do you consider it any good trying again? We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us. 注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge,

13、 consider 等。,Practice,單句改錯,The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand. We all elected Jason the monitor. The teacher asked us not make so much noise. - What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! - During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.,understood,to,w

14、arm,5. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth. 6. He pushed the door opening. 7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 9. It was a pity that the great

15、 writer died of his works unfinished.,running,open,putting,to,with,Tell him _ the window. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. Though he had often made his little sister _, t

16、oday he was made _ by his little sister. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going,單項選擇,5. I found the door _ when I got home. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 6. Th

17、e boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to 7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly- elected president is having a hard time.

18、 settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled 9. I advised _ at once. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start,10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating 11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth. pull out B. to