1、M4U1 Grammar,Direct speech and reported speech,He said ,”I lost a key here today.”,Direct speech 直接引語,He said (that) he had lost a key there that day,Reported speech間接引語,直接引語和間接引語 定義：交際中我們常常需要引述別人說的話 1. 一種是原封不動地引用原話，放在引號內(nèi)，稱為直接引語（The Direct Speech） 2. 另一種用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，稱為間接引語( The Indirect Speech)。,He sai

2、d ,”I lost a key here today.”,He said (that) he had lost a key there that day,觀察兩句話的不同之處：,直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)化 變化之處： 1.句子結(jié)構(gòu)(sentence structure) 【標點+陳述語序】 2.人稱代詞 (personal pronouns) 3.時態(tài) (tenses) 4.時間、地點狀語(adverbials of time and places),He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room”,He said to Lily,“ you mus

3、t get up early”,1、人稱的變化,She said to me ,“ They want to help him”,She told me that that _wanted help him,He told Lily that _must get up early.,He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,he,her,my,she,they,2. 時態(tài)的變化： (1). 如果主句中的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)保持不變。 He says, “I live in London.” = He says that he

4、 _ in London. (2). 如果主句中的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)往過去推, 作如下變化：,lives,過去進行(was/were doing),過去完成(had done),過去完成(had done),過去將來(would do),不變,過去完成進行(had been doing),一般過去(did),He said, “I live in London.” = He said that he _ in London. He said, “I am living in London now.” = He said that he _in London then. H

5、e said, “I will live in London next year.” = He said that he _ in London the next year. He said, “I lived in London for years.” = He said that he _ in London for years.,lived,was living,would live,had lived,(3) 直接引語如果是客觀事實或真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句時態(tài)不變。The teacher said, The earth moves around the sun.=The teach

6、er said that the earth _ around the sun.,moves,3.時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換：,then,that day /yesterday/on Saturday, etc.,the next day / the following day /on Tuesday, etc.,the day before / the previous day /on Tuesday, etc.,the week after /the following week, etc.,the year before/the previous year, etc.,a week before /a

7、 week earlier, etc.,直接引語中的時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：,練習(xí)：把下列句子改為間接引語,1. I will come and see you again next week, Tom, he said. 2. I saw Tom last night, she said. 3. The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.,He told Tom that he would go and see him again the following week.,She said tha

8、t shed seen Tom the night before.,The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next/ following day.,4.地點狀語，指示代詞，動詞的變化 地點狀語的變化：herethere 指示代詞的變化：thisthat thesethose 動詞的變化：comego bringtake,She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He

9、 said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,Exercise: Page 9,Answers: was (2) Would be (3) had read (4) that (5) would,(6) had bought (7) that (8) would (9) those

10、(10) her,Exercise: Page 92,C1: your, tomorrow (2)I did, last I havent (3) Have you had (4) I finished yesterday,(5) am going (6) Will come (7) have to today wont tomorrow,M4U1 Grammar (2),Direct speech and reported speech,直接引語 間接引語:,陳述句(statements),疑問句(questions),祈使句(imperative sentences),一般疑問句,特殊疑問

11、句,1. 陳述句: 用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that可以省略 。語序不變,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,advise explain insist promise announce suggest warn,1. She said “ Ill come this evening

12、.” She said (that) she would go that evening. 2. My sister said to me, “Im leaving tomorrow.” My sister told me (that) she was leaving the next (following) day. 3.He said, “My mother is not here now.” He said (that) his mother was not there then.,Tod said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he w

13、as waiting for his change.,注意: 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句并列時,僅能省略第一個that, 其余的不能省略。,Tod said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零錢)”.,2. 一般疑問句: whether / if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 They asked him,” Is it easy to solve the problem?”,They asked him,whether/if,It is easy to solve the problem.,it is easy to solve

14、the problem,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to solve the problem.,They asked him, “ Do you have a car?”,They asked him,Whether/if,you have a car,you have a car.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had a car.,2.一般疑問句直接引語變間接引語,They asked him, “Can you play the guitar?”,They asked him,Whethe

15、r/if,You can play the guitar,you can play the guitar.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the guitar.,They asked him. “Are you a student?”,They asked him,Whether/if,you are a student,you are a a student.,he,was,They asked him whether he was a student.,注意：選擇疑問句和反義疑問句 He asked me, “Do you

16、 live in London or Paris?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris. He asked me, “You live in London, dont you?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.,3. 特殊疑問句: wh-詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 They asked him, ”when do you live in London?”,They asked him,when,you live in London,you live in London.,he,h

17、arvested,They asked him when he lived in London.,lived,She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science. 2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat. 3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _

18、_ born. 4. “ Whats wrong with you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,其它可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞： Dont worry, Mickey, Jen said. Jen _Mickey not to worry. Dont believe every ad you read, Lily said to me. Lily _ me not to believe every ad I re

19、ad.,advise encourage invite remind warn,4. 祈使句：動詞不定式,當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell, ask, order等, 并把直接引語的祈使句變成帶(not) to的不定式短語。 句型：tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth.,asked/told,told/advised,The teacher said to the students, Stop talking. The teacher _the students _ talking. The teacher said to us

20、, Dont play in class. The teacher _us _ in class.,asked/told,to stop,asked/told,not to play,Summary 總結(jié) 1.當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句：由( that) 引導(dǎo) 賓語從句，結(jié)構(gòu)是： 主語+said/told( that)（時態(tài)往過去推) 2.當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句: 用 whether /if引導(dǎo)賓語從句 主語+asked+ whether/if +從句,3.當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時，用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)（what / where等） 主語 +asked+特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 4.當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時用句型： 主語+ told/ asked sb (not) to do sth,Exercise: Page 11,A 2.Wang Qin asked how it could help him remember English words. 3. Lu Kai asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking. 4 Liu Fang asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software. 5 Gu Jin asked wh