1、云南省昆明市2016高考英語閱讀練習(xí)（8）閱讀理解。Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed t

2、he evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress fo

3、r 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Heres how he explains his views.1)Shopping fuels invention It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in pov

4、erty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off

5、 well be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.In the

6、 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today its half second.3) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor sm

7、oke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes r

8、eal pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血帶) around our necks.人類的進(jìn)步是無法阻擋的，是令人樂觀。在理性的樂觀主義者一書中，作者闡述了自己對于生活中的樂觀現(xiàn)象，并且對于購物這樣普通的日常行為所帶來的積極影響都做了詳盡的分析和描述。1What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book?AWeakness of human nature.BConcern about climate change.CImporta

9、nce of practical thinking.DOptimism about human progress.答案：D。理解判斷題。從第二段的前兩句話中，反復(fù)提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本書中所以闡述的正是這個(gè)話題，正是與選項(xiàng)D的說法是一致的，即：人類的進(jìn)步總是不可避免的。2How does Ridley look at shopping?AIt encourages the creation of th

10、ings.BIt results in shortage of goods.CIt demands more fossil fuels.DIt causes a poverty problem.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的觀點(diǎn)：購物能夠激發(fā)創(chuàng)造發(fā)明。選項(xiàng)A與之相吻合。3The candle and lamp example is used to show that _.Aoil lamps give off more light than candlesBshortening working time brings a

11、bout a happier lifeCadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesDincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明顯的確定為：作者拿蠟燭與燈的比較與變化正是為了前面他所提到的看法，故與選項(xiàng)D的說法是一致的。4What does the last sentence of the passage imply?ACutting carbon is n

12、ecessary in spite of the huge cost.BOverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.CPeoples health is closely related to climate change.DCareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句話中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除選項(xiàng)A與C的說法，因?yàn)樗鼈兇笙鄰酵?；而根?jù)“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明選項(xiàng)D

13、中“careless”一詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，是不符合語境的。故只有選項(xiàng)B是最正確的。閱讀理解 Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is pa

14、id by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladian, a group t

15、hat specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladian received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally

16、 (環(huán)境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lowe

17、r running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.Michael. Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are ca

18、used, by housing. So he recently announced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECPs green standards. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mSimilar measures ha

19、ve been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.( ) 1. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. To explain the measures the city takes to care for

20、poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.( ) 2. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running costs. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mB

21、. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days.D. Better prices for homeless people.( ) 3. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously polluted w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mB. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York CityC. a great number of peopl

22、e in New York City dont have houses to live inD. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City( ) 4. What is the main purpose of this text? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.B. To prove that some standards are needed for a

23、ffordable housing.C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.語篇解讀：本篇文章為科技說明文。作者以Fox Point居住群的boiler rooms為切入點(diǎn)，闡述此類房子的環(huán)保節(jié)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及各城市特別是紐約隊(duì)建造此類建筑的積極響應(yīng)。1. 答案：C考點(diǎn)：作者的寫作意圖解析：從第一段最后兩句，作者描述開水房僅是從一個(gè)側(cè)面展示整個(gè)建筑群的節(jié)能，環(huán)保，可

24、以得出答案。2. 答案：A考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解解析：依據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句：Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.可得到答案。句意為“達(dá)到這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會(huì)將建筑成本提高2%，但很快會(huì)被它的低成本運(yùn)行成本補(bǔ)回”3. 答案：B考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解解析：依據(jù)文章第四段第二句：Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, a

25、nd 40% of those are caused, by housing.可得出答案4. 答案：D考點(diǎn)：作者的寫作目的解析：本文主要讓讀者了解這類健康、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)類住房。閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳答案。 Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think it is a pest and a time waster. Very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or curious chatter-box, or

26、 from somebody who wants something for nothing. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are taking your bath. Are you strong minded enough to ignore

27、it, to say to yourself,“Ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred years time” You are not. You think there may be some important news or messages for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, or c

28、hewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number? But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isnt it important to have a teleph

29、one in case of emergencyillness, an accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity. I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I ad

30、mit that in different circumstancesif I were a tycoon(business VIP),for instance, or bed ridden I might find a telephone essential. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car essential. Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular talent; on

31、e is mechanical invention, the other is literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them. For I have just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one ne

32、ver knows, it may be something important.36.The passage is mainly discussing _.A. that we should be strong enough to ignore a phone callB. that important message will reach you sooner or laterC. whether its necessary to answer all phone callsD. whether it is necessary to have a telephone提示:通讀全文，尤其是文

33、章的第一段和最后一段可以得出此結(jié)論。答案:D37.Judging from the passage, who is strong-minded enough to ignore a phone call?A. The author. B.A tycoon.C.A taxi-driver. D. Hardly anyone.答案:D 大意理解，文章的第二段第三段可以看出38.According to the passage, the author_.A. thinks the telephone should go out of our lifeB. likes to be different

34、from other peopleC. thinks the telephone is annoyingD. speaks favourably of a telephone提示:文章的第二句就說明了作者的觀點(diǎn)，后面又作了進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明。答案:C39.In the authors opinion, which of the following is NOT true?A. Nearly everyone has been told a wrong number.B. Its necessary for everyone to have a telephone.C. He himself ca

35、n not decide whether to answer a call.D.A telephone directory may bring in unexpected calls.提示:從文章的第二段得出答案。答案:B完形填空This is a story that can teach us a good lesson. One day, a man in rags begged from door to door along the street. With an old wallet in his hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy s

36、omething to eat. He kept complaining about his bad fortune and kept1why those who had so much money were never2and were always desiring more. “As far as Im concerned, if I had only enough to3and to wear, I would not want anything more. ”Just at that moment Goddess Fortune, who came down the4saw the

37、beggar and said to him, “Hi, I have wished to5you for a long time. Now, open your6and I will pour my gold into it. But I will do that only on this7: All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the8shall become dust. Do you understand? ”“I see. ”said the beggar. “Th

38、en you should9! Its obvious that your wallet is a(n)10one, so dont load it too heavily, ”said the Goddess Fortune. The excited beggar could hardly11to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a12of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier and heavier. “Is that enough? Isnt it cra

39、cking? ”asked the Goddess Fortune. “Never13. Its still strong enough now. ”answered the beggar. The wallet was filled with so many coins that the beggars hands began to14. “Ah, if only the golden stream would15forever! Just a little more, ”said the beggar, “16just a handful or two. ”“There! Its full

40、. The wallet will17. ”warned the Goddess Fortune, but the beggar requested, “It will18a little more, just a little more. ”O(jiān)ne more piece was added and the wallet split. The19fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar had now20but his broken wallet. 【文章大意】一個(gè)沿街乞討的乞丐遇到了財(cái)富女神, 財(cái)富女神給了乞丐許多金幣,

41、同時(shí)告誡乞丐, 金幣掉到地上則化為塵土。貪婪的乞丐不聽勸告, 導(dǎo)致金幣撐破錢包化為塵土, 乞丐又變得一無所有。故事告誡人們面對金錢不要貪得無厭。1. A. showingB. explainingC. provingD. wondering【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句, 為什么那些人如此有錢卻從不滿足, 還想得到更多?？芍蜇Υ税偎疾坏闷浣? “keep wondering”(一直想知道)符合句意。2. A. relaxedB. satisfiedC. worriedD. depressed【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。還想得到更多, 所以不滿足, B項(xiàng)符合句意。3. A. le

42、arnB. watchC. eatD. play【解析】選C。背景常識(shí)題。由常識(shí)可知, 乞丐最重要的是要解決吃和穿的問題。eat(吃)對應(yīng)下面提到的“穿”, 符合語境。4. A. streetB. bridgeC. yardD. forest【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第一段, 乞丐在沿街乞討, 所以財(cái)富女神降臨到大街上才能看到乞丐。street(街道)符合語境。5. A. praiseB. forgiveC. helpD. comfort【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下文, “打開你的錢包, 我要給你一些金子”, 可知財(cái)富女神想幫助乞丐。所以選help(幫助)。6. A. coatB. pocketC. boxD. wallet【解析】選D。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下文“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold(所有進(jìn)入你錢包的都是純金)”可知乞丐打開的是一個(gè)錢包, 所以選wallet。前文也有提示。7. A. occasionB. suggestionC. situationD. condition【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。只有在這種條件下, “我”才會(huì)去做?！癆ll that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon thes