1、Chapter 11 Circulatory System,Contents to be covered,Anatomic structures Commonly used building blocks Most commonly seen symptoms Most commonly seen conditions Treatment of coronary heart disease specific medicine that is most commonly prescribed for heart diseases,Video,Watch twice: Anatomy and fu

2、nction of the heart,Common roots and affixes,Hema/o- Sanguin- Phleb/o- Sphygm/o- -penia Angi/o-,Haem/o-,haema-,hem/o,hema-,hemat/o- blood hemorrhage5hemEridV 出血 hemoagglutinin7hi:mEuE5lu:tinin 血紅素凝結(jié)素 Hemobilia hi:mEu5biliE 膽道出血 hemoclip 血管夾,sanguin- (L.sanguis) blood,sanguinivoroussANwi5nivErEs 食血的,

3、吸血的 sanguinopoieticsANwninEupCi5etik 生血的,造血的 sanguinarin7sANwi5nZEri:n 血根堿,phleb/o- (Gr. Phleps) bleood vessel,vein,phlebitisfli5baitis 靜脈炎 phlebalgiafli5bAldViE 靜脈痛 phlebangioma7flibAndVi5EumE 靜脈瘤,sphygm/o- (Gr.sphugms) pulse,sphygmogram 5sfimE7rAm 脈搏描記,脈搏曲線 Sphygmocardiograph 7sfimE5kB:diEurB:f心動脈

4、搏描記器 sphygmometer 脈博計,-penia lack of, insufficiency,Lymphocytopenia 7limfE7saitEu5pi:niE 淋巴細(xì)胞減少(癥) Ant. lymphocytosis Neutropenia 7nju:trEu5pi:niE (嗜)中性白細(xì)胞減少(癥) thrombocytopenia 7WrCmbEusaitEu5pi:niE 血小板減少(癥),angi/o- vessel,angioataxian5t 血管緊張失調(diào) angiosarcoma 9AndVIEJsB:kEJmE 血管肉瘤 angioplasty5AndVIEJ

5、7plAsti 血管成形術(shù),conditions,Aneurysm 動脈瘤 Arrhythmia 心律失常 Bleeding Disorders 出血性疾病 Bacteremia and sepsis 菌血癥和敗血癥 Hodgkins Disease霍奇金病 Pulmonary hypertension肺動脈高血壓 Thalassemia 地中海貧血 Thrombophlebitis血栓性靜脈炎 Varicose Veins靜脈曲張,Aneurysm 動脈瘤,Cerebral aneurysm 腦動脈瘤 Aortic aneurysm主動脈瘤 Ventrical aneurysm心室動脈瘤,T

6、achycardia 心動過速 abnormally rapid heartbeat Atrial fibrillation心房顫動 Atrial flutter心房撲動 Supraventricular tachycardia（SVT） 室上性心動過速 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) 吾-巴-懷三氏綜合征/pre-excitation syndrome (預(yù)激綜合征 ) Ventricular fibrillation心室顫動 Ventricular tachycardia室性心動過速 Long QT syndromeQT間期延長綜合征,Bradyc

7、ardia心動過緩 abnormally slow heartbeat Sick sinus syndrome 病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合癥 Conduction block 傳導(dǎo)阻滯 (atrioventricular conduction block 房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯 ),Video,Watch twice: Bradyarrhythmia 心動過緩 /緩慢性心律失常,Bleeding disorders,PT (Prothrombin Time)凝血酶原時間 ACT (activated clotting time)活化凝血時間 aPTT/PTT (activated partial thrombopl

8、astin time)活化部分凝血激酶時間 coagulation factors 凝血因子 platelet count血小板計數(shù),Bacteremia and Sepsis,Bacteremia 7bAktE5ri:miE 菌血癥 the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream; Sepsis 5sepsis 膿毒病, 膿血癥 a bacterial infection in the bloodstream.,Hodgkins Disease,Hodgkins disease, sometimes called Hodgkins lymphoma霍奇

9、金氏淋巴瘤, is a cancer that starts in lymphatic tissue淋巴組織, including the lymph nodes淋巴結(jié) and related organs that are part of the bodys immune and blood-forming systems. Hodgkins disease is a malignant lymphoma. There is no benign (noncancerous) form of Hodgkins disease.,Thalassemia lE5si:miE,珠蛋白生成障礙性貧血,

10、地中海貧血 an inherited disorder sometimes called Mediterranean anemia, von Jaksch anemia or Cooleys anemia, named after the physicians who first diagnosed it,Thrombophlebitis7WrCmbEufli5baitis血栓(性)靜脈炎,Inflammation due to a blood clot occurs in a vein, usually occurs in the veins of the legs,Varicose 5vr

11、ikus veins,gnarled, enlarged, thus visible veins mostly occurring in the legs and feet, which may be caused by incompetent valves within the veins. The word varicose comes from the Latin root varix, which means twisted.,How to diagnose?,Angiography血管造影術(shù),The radiographic visualization of blood vessel

12、s following introduction of contrast material, or through CT scanning or MRI Catheter angiography導(dǎo)管血管造影 CT angiography MRA Magnetic Resonance Angiography 磁共振血管造影,CT angiography,Computerized tomography計算機(jī)體層攝影, also called CT scanning, is a test that uses x-rays and computers to create detailed images

13、 of the internal structures of the body.,Ankle Blood Pressure Measurement (ABI),Measurement and comparison of the blood pressure in the ankle and in the arm,Duplex Ultrasound,Duplex ultrasound combines Doppler多普勒 and conventional ultrasound to allow physicians to see the structure of the blood vesse

14、ls. Duplex ultrasound shows how blood is flowing through the vessels and measures the speed of the flow of blood. 雙功能超聲儀,How to treat?,Treatments,Thrombolytic Therapy Venous Access Surgical Bypass Surgical Aneurysm Repair Foot Care Endovascular Stenting Endarterectomy,Thrombolytic therapy血栓溶解療法,Thro

15、mbolytic therapy is a treatment used to break up dangerous clots凝塊 inside the blood vessels by injecting clot-dissolving medications into a blood vessel.,Venous Access靜脈通路,Venous access allows the physician to deliver medicine directly into the bloodstream without repeatedly puncturing blood vessels

16、.,Surgical Bypass搭橋手術(shù),Surgical bypass treats the narrowed arteries by creating a bypass around a section of the artery that is blocked.,Video,Bypass surgery without heart lung machine,Surgical Aneurysm Repair手術(shù)修復(fù)動脈瘤,In surgical aneurysm repair, the vascular surgeon repairs or removes an aneurysm thr

17、ough an incision in the skin,Foot Care足部護(hù)理,Foot care is important if patients have leg artery disease (peripheral arterial disease周圍末梢動脈血管疾病 or PAD). In PAD, the blood vessels in the limbs become blocked because of hardening of the arteries.,Endovascular Stent Graft 血管腔內(nèi)覆膜支架,a fabric tube that reinf

18、orces a weak spot in a blood vessel, such as an aneurysm typically used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms腹主動脈瘤 (AAAs), but also used to treat thoracic aortic aneurysms胸主動脈瘤 (TAAs).,Carotid Stenting頸動脈支架,Carotid artery stenting is a procedure in which the vascular surgeon inserts a slender, metal-mesh tube, called a stent, which expands inside the carotid artery頸動脈 to increase blood flow in areas blocked by plaque.,Endarterectomy en7dB:tE5rektCmi動脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù),the surgical removal of plaque斑塊 from an artery that has become narrowed or blocked