1、The Attributive Clause,Grammar,1. 定語(yǔ)從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面 2. 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞稱為先行詞 3. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；代替先行詞；在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。,4. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往

2、不明確，翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，“的”。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，通常翻譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,He is the man that/who wants to see you.,定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）定義：在主從復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。,被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫“先行詞”,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”,定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)：,定語(yǔ)從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞或代詞的后面,先行詞,關(guān)系詞,(在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)),1.位置：,2.先行詞：,3

3、.關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞）：,主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ),指物,指物,指人,指人,指人,指物,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),用于限制性的定語(yǔ)從句suchas, the same.as., as.as. 結(jié)構(gòu)中,用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指代整個(gè)句子，有“正如”之意。,A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.,指人,The girl(that)we saw yesterday was jims sister.,The computer which is being used here is made in Beijing. The letter(w

4、hich)I received was from my brother.,Here comes the girl who wants to see you.,This is the boy (whom/who) you saw just now.,Tom is the boy whose mother is a lawyer.,The book whose cover is blue is mine.,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,可以省略,狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up.

5、,I still remember the day when I met him for the first time.,The reason why he missed the speech was that he didnt catch the bus.,I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun o

6、nce lived is being repaired now.,如何判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,1.The man _ came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom. 3.Could you tell me the reason _ you are late. 4.I dont know the boy _ you talked with. 5. Beijing is the place _ I came. 6.Go

7、ne are the days _ we used foreign oil.,鞏固性訓(xùn)練：用關(guān)系詞填空,who/that,whose,(whom/that),where,why,when,Remember: 引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)鍵要看他們?cè)趶木渲凶魇裁闯煞荻?。或者說(shuō)，假如把先行詞放到從句中是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)而定。,Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,Is this the museum _ we held the exhibition? A.

8、where B. that C. on which D. the one,例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ we held the exhibition.,例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.,(that /which),the one,where,(1)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)；序數(shù)詞；the only, the very, the right ,the same，the last 修飾時(shí)。 This is the only book that I bought today. (2)先行詞為all,

9、none, much, little, few, everything, something, anything, nothing, 等不定代詞時(shí)。 (先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, no, little, some等修飾) Is this all that is left？ I have read all the books (that) you gave me. (3) 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 Look at the man and his horse that are walking up the street.,關(guān)系代詞 which 和 that的區(qū)別

10、,在定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí), 下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which:,(4)先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. (5)當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which或who時(shí),為避免重復(fù)，常用that 代替who 或which。 Which are the books that you bought for me? (6)主句以there be 開(kāi)頭時(shí) There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.,1.在介詞提前的定語(yǔ)從句 中，關(guān)系代詞只能用

11、which。 This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 2.Which 可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that則不能。 She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry.,只能用which而不能用that 的情況：,限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,二者都可以引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，指代從句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換。,He married her, as /which was natural.,在下列情況下一般只能用as：,(1) as

12、放在句首，而which不能。,(2) as 本身有“正如；正像”之意，而which 沒(méi)有； 此時(shí)as常和 know, see, expect, announce, suggest, hope, believe 等連用。,e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.,As everybody knows/As is known to everybody As we can see ，As is hoped As is often the case , As has been said before As is reported in the newspaper

13、,(3) 當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需用as引導(dǎo),e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,the same as(指同類的東西) the same that(指同一個(gè)東西),This is the same watch as I lost. This is the same watch that I lost.,1.眾所周知，中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。,As is known to everyone, China is a country that h

14、as the largest population in the world.,2.他戴著你昨天買的同樣手表。,He is wearing the same watch as you bought yesterday.,Translate the following two sentences.,介詞+關(guān)系代詞,提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇. The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming. This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live. 方法一:根

15、據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配 This is the man with whom you talked yesterday. 方法二:根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配 The speed at which light travels is 3000,000km per second. 方法三:根據(jù)句子所需要的意思 The colorless gas is called oxygen, without which we could not live.,注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替,2. Who

16、se引導(dǎo)的從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”的形式， 即whose+名詞=the +n + of which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.,= He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This

17、 is a book whose cover is green.,1. whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。,whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 + of which/whom”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,1. There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A

18、. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析：答案為D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B選項(xiàng)缺少一個(gè)連詞。 2. (2004遼寧卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 解

19、析：答案為A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬(wàn)雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國(guó)外的。,3.There are altogether 56 students in our class,_ is a new comer from a mountain village. A. the most hard-working of who B. of whom the most hard-working C. the most hard-working of them D. but the most hard-working of whom,介詞

20、+關(guān)系代詞,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介詞+關(guān)系代詞,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she li

21、ves is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可見(jiàn),who、that 不能用于介詞之后,介詞+關(guān)系代詞,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?,含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面，不能提前。如：look for, look after, take care of，pay attention to, depend on 等。,1. Do you

22、like the book she paid $10? 2. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 3. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.,for which,through which,of which,練習(xí): 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用,4. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher. 5. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is

23、 very good at wrestling. 6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,under which,to whom,of which,1.I dont like the way _ he speaks. A.that B.which C.how D.who,當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，意為“方式，方法”，引導(dǎo)詞可以為that, in which 或省略,使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題,2. Miss Chen is the only one o

24、f the few teachers who _ (give) us wonderful English lessons in our school.,It is one of the best films that _(have) been shown recently.,使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題,定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致,one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞,the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,gives,have,3. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence

25、can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題,先行詞是situation,point case, scene,stage，一般用where,或用in which,4.This is the man _ I believe is honest. We see the children _ we think are hungry.,who,who,定語(yǔ)從句中加插入語(yǔ)： 關(guān)系代詞和動(dòng)詞之間有時(shí)有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，常用做插入語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 believe,think,suppose,guess,say等解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意把插入語(yǔ)成分取出。,使用

26、定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題,5.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句 There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. A fast food restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.,使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題,定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠著先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。,

27、1.判斷關(guān)系詞 2.關(guān)系代詞that 或which 的區(qū)別 3.as 和which的區(qū)別 4.whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式 5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞 6.特殊定語(yǔ)從句及注意事項(xiàng),常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn),1.定語(yǔ)從句和并列句 （1）. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. =I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. （2）. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nos

28、e of _there is a pair of glasses,分析：是否有連詞是區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。,which,whom,定語(yǔ)從句和其他句式的區(qū)別,2.定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find

29、 it.,分析：（1）句從引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)看，狀語(yǔ)從句中的that 是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，而定語(yǔ)從句中的as在從句中要作一個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)）。,that,as,in which,where,定從,狀從,定從,狀從,3.定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us al

30、l _Taiwan belongs to China. (4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.,As,that,What,定語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,4.定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went

31、 to school this morning.,分析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成份+that/who +其它部分，去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照樣成立。而定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在句中要作一成份。,that,where,that,when,定語(yǔ)從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,定語(yǔ)從句,5.定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _ he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _we s

32、hould answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _ he asked me to solve is hard to solve.,分析：that 引導(dǎo) 同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任成份，并且引導(dǎo)的句子是說(shuō)明前一名詞的內(nèi)容,在從句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。that/which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)成份，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去，從句起說(shuō)明主句性質(zhì)和特征的作用。,that,that/which,that,that/which,定語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,1.This is the most exci

33、ting football match that I have ever seen.,2.I dont like the way in which/that/不填 you laughed at others.,3.It is the third time that you have been late this week.,It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.,4.The reason why he didnt attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.,5

34、. The reason for his failure is that he didnt work hard.,【疑難1】區(qū)別非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句 He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were popular. Its the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of _ was a success. A. these; them B. which; which C. those; which D. which; them,【疑難剖析1】此題應(yīng)選 D。很容易誤選A、B。選對(duì)該題的關(guān)鍵是：

35、要注意前面一句的 none of沒(méi)有并列連詞(說(shuō)明它才是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of前有一并列連詞but (說(shuō)明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句，所以其后填them)。,【疑難2】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句 As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth. It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth. That the moon travels around the earth is known to all. What is know

36、n to all is that the moon travels around the earth.,疑難剖析2 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句； that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句； what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。,【疑難3】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 When you read the book, youd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions. When you read the book, youd better make a mark where you have

37、 any questions. Please put the book in the place where you got it. Please put the book where you got it. 【疑難剖析3】定語(yǔ)從句修飾place; 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句；定語(yǔ)從句修飾place；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。,【疑難4】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語(yǔ)從句 It was this small village where we got to know each other. It was in this small village that we got to know each other. It was

38、1914 when the war broke out. It was in 1914 that the war broke out. It was 1914, when the war broke out. 【疑難剖析4】定語(yǔ)從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,【疑難5】定語(yǔ)從句中含有插入語(yǔ) He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. The Chinese government has decided to develop the west o

39、f China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life. 【疑難剖析5】I think作插入語(yǔ)；I dare say作插入語(yǔ)。,She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、what C、which D、why,C,4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.,A、that B、when C、w

40、hich D、where,D,5、This is the very factory _ we visited last year.,A、that B、which C、what D、the one,A,6、The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learnt in the past three days.,A、that have B、that have been C、which has D、which has been,B,7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who

41、B、whose C、of whom D、which,B,8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whom B、about whom C、about who D、whom,B,10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have

42、 a good relationship with him.,A、that; it B、which; whom C、that; which D、which; that,C,11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who want C、what wants D、want,B,12、I，_ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,13、His walking sti

43、ck, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.,A、that B、with which C、which D、without which,D,14、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.,A、that B、what C、which D、whether,C,15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A、by that B、what C、by which D、/,D,16、This is the only thing _ I can

44、 do now.,A、what B、which C、that D、all,C,17、There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.,A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that,C,18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.,A、which B、that C、why D、what,C,19、This is the reason _ he told me.,A、that B、why

45、 C、on which D、for that,A,定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題（1） Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which

46、D. the one,4 In the dark street， there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help A thatBwhoCfrom whom Dto whom 5 Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A that you talked B.you talked about it C which you talked with D.you talked about 6 The matter _ you were arguing about last night has be

47、en settled A that B.whatC.whyD.for which,1、Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 2、The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that,3、They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered

48、 in the school A whichB that C whoD.whom 4、He is the boy _ father works in the bank. A whoB. whom C whoseD.that,I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 2. Bob is good at English so I think he is the student_ can help you.A. whom B. who C. which D. what 3. Were t

49、alking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that,The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 2. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 3. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongsC. that belong D. which belongs 4. - “How