1、,Unit 2 Back to Nature,實(shí)用英語第三冊(cè),外國(guó)語學(xué)院大外二教研室 新浪微博jianxing-fu加關(guān)注（互粉哦）,While-Reading Task,After-Reading Task,Leisure Time,Pre-Reading Task,What are the main differences between city life and country life? 2. Which do you like better? City life or country life? Why? Some pictures for reference.,country,c

2、ity,environment,education,transportation,shopping,Text A Back to Nature,1. For centuries town and country have been regarded as being in opposition to each other. It has been suggested that the superficial differences between the two wide-open spaces contrasting with brick and concrete are less impo

3、rtant than the contrasting attitudes towards town and country. 2 I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would im

4、mediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is this dream?,Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a communit

5、y tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the pa

6、st the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.,Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages toge

7、ther. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in

8、cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbear

9、able stillness and quiet.,What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds neurosis and a feeling of isolation constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the cent

10、re of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two; they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of the large conurba

11、tions.,They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate, chewing a pi

12、ece of grass and murmuring “mornin” to the locals as they pass. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down on the farm? No, he would

13、rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.,. wide-open spaces contrasting with brick and concrete ., . wide-open spaces in contrast to brick and concrete .,For centuries town and country have been regarded as being in opposition to each other., For centuries people have been thinking

14、that town and country are opposing to each other.,in opposition to: opposing; being against,Truth stands in opposition to falsehood. 真理同謬誤是對(duì)立的. What you did was in opposition to my wishes. 你做的事情與我的愿望正相反.,contrast : v. to compare so that differences are made clear,In this book, the writer contrasts g

15、ood with evil. Contrast the copy with the original. 請(qǐng)將復(fù)印件與原件對(duì)照一下,cf. contrast : n.,comparison of unlike objects, esp. to show differences In contrast to that last problem, this one is easy. 2) comparison of unlike objects, esp. to show differences There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of

16、 East and West. 東西方文化之間存在著明顯的差異,concrete : n. a building material made by mixing sand, very small stones, cement, and water cf. concrete : adj. definite; existing as something real or solid,They live in soulless concrete blocks. 他們住在了無生氣的混凝土樓房里. All actual objects are concrete. 一切實(shí)際存在的物體都是具體的.,. who

17、 are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city., . who are saying again and again that if they had the chance to choose, they would like to live in the country and go far away from the large city which is dirty and noisy.,

18、be always doing: used to imply that this is a frequently repeated action but the repetition annoys the speaker / writer or seems unreasonable to him,They are always going away for weekends.,given (that): 1) if allowed; provided with,Given the chance, he might have become an outstanding painter.,give

19、n (that): 2) if one takes into accounts,Given that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.,I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country

20、., I have successfully made myself believe that, if it werent for my job, I would set out at once towards the open spaces and go back to nature in some very quiet village which is hidden in the country.,convince: v. to cause (someone) to believe or feel certain; cause (someone) to realize,Youll need

21、 to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到這份工作。 He instantly convinced himself that the story was true.,head out: to start to move in a certain direction; set out,The ship left the port and headed out to sea. cf. head for: to move in the direction of We saw him heading for us,

22、so we stepped aside,The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal.,Most people live in crowded high-rise buildings which are noisy, dirty and impersonal.,The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up., If you live

23、on the fifteenth floor, you dont have any feeling that you are a member of a community.,belong to: to be a member or property of,Wheat, maize and oats belong to the grain group. 小麥, 玉米及燕麥都屬谷類. This house must belong to John. 這棟房子一定是約翰的.,Children become aggressive and nervous cooped up at home all da

24、y, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world., Children become aggressive and nervous because they are shut up at home all day and they find no place to play; while their mothers feel cut off from the outside world.,nowhere: not in any place or to any place,This an

25、imal is found in Australia, and nowhere else. 這種動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)在澳大利亞，別處沒有。 If you dont work hard, youll end up nowhere. 如不努力工作, 你就一事無成.,isolate: v. to cause to be alone or separated from others,Do not isolate yourself from others. 不要把自己孤立起來. We should never isolate ourselves from the masses. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不能脫離群眾.,strang

26、ely (enough): an expression used to show our attitude to what we are saying and emphasize that what we are saying is surprising. Usually it comes in initial position and is followed by a comma(,). This type of expression is called “discourse markers”.,Actually, youre mistaken. Frankly, I think hes l

27、ying.,. in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together., . for the reason that, in general, people living in small villages are linked with each other by a feeling of belonging to a community.,. there is always someone to turn to when they need help.,. there

28、is always someone whom they can ask for help when they need it.,in that: because,I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is more practical. He speaks poor Chinese in that he is foreign-born.,turn to: to appeal to for aid,The orphan had nobody to turn to. We may turn to the law. 我們可以求助于法律.,cf.

29、turn to,Water turns to ice at zero Centigrade. (= to change into) After he left the university he became a teacher, but he later turned to translation. (= to begin something or doing something different),. it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events ., . it is true, t

30、oo, that you are shut up off the exciting and important events .,cut off: to disconnect,They were almost completely cut off from the outside world. 他們幾乎完全與外界絕緣了.,. and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town.,and you have no choice but to m

31、ake a long journey to the nearest large town in order to buy anything that is a little bit unusual.,slight: a. not great; small or weak,a slight headache (稍微有點(diǎn)頭痛) a slight book (一本無足輕重的書),cf. little: a. small; young; not important,two little insects (兩個(gè)小昆蟲) a little girl (一個(gè)小女孩) the little things of

32、 life (生活中的瑣碎事情),out of the ordinary: unusual or unexpected,Michael Scofield was a person out of the ordinary. 邁克爾斯科菲爾德是一個(gè)不同凡響的人物. So far, nothing out of the ordinary has happened.,. the city breeds neurosis and a feeling of isolation constant noise batters the senses.,. the city causes nervous dise

33、ases and a feeling of isolation noise that occurs all the time does great harm to peoples senses.,breed: v. 1) to cause or be the beginning,Violence breeds violence. 暴力會(huì)催生更多暴力。 Flies in food shops breed disease. 食品店里的蒼蠅能引起疾病.,breed: v. 2) to bring up,The parents are trying to breed their son a music

34、ian.,. and that life doesnt come to an end at half past nine at night.,. and that the social activities and pleasure dont stop at half past nine at night / and that life lasts until late at night.,come to an end: to finish,The meeting has come to an end. 會(huì)議結(jié)束了. Flowers fade when they come to an end.

35、 花兒開過就凋謝了.,Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two; .,Some people have found (bought, to be exact) a compromise between city life and country life .,or rather: more exactly; more truly; it would be better to say,I met him very late on Friday night, or rather, early on

36、Saturday morning. 我在星期五深夜見到他, 更確切地說是在星期六凌晨.,. within commuting distance of the large conurbations.,. which are not far from the large conurbations so that they can commute to and from work every day.,They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind .,In general

37、they are almost as sensitive as the plastic flowers which they left at home in the cities .,plastic flower:,a type of artificial flower. No matter how it is made or decorated, it is still unreal. The author used it to imply that those people who leave for the country still belong to cities where the

38、y are cultivated.,leave behind: to fail to take or bring, esp. by accident,I think I left my credit card behind at the restaurant. Oh dear! The travelling bag has been left behind.,. which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.,. which they impose on the original villag

39、ers who are unwilling to accept their strange ideas.,force on to / onto: to cause (something) to be accepted by (an unwilling person),No power on earth could force me to do it. 誰也不能強(qiáng)迫我做這事. They didnt want the war. It was forced on to / onto them.,What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate,

40、chewing a piece of grass,Then I wonder if I can realize my dreams of standing against a cottage gate, having a piece of grass in mouth .,lean: v. to rest against (something); be in the position that is not upright,Lean it on / against the wall. She leaned on / against his shoulder.,Im keen on the id

41、ea,I have a strong desire / really hope that my dreams might come true, .,be keen on / about: to be interested in; have a strong liking for,He is keen on angling. 他喜歡釣魚,Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass.,I have no idea whether he would like al

42、l that fresh air and exercise in the long grass.,take to: v. 1) to like,Summer is such a cute boy that everybody takes to him at once.,take to: v. 2) to develop the habit of,I took to stamp-collecting in 1980.,Outline,The contrasting attitudes towards town and country,I would prefer to live in the c

43、ountry.,Cities can be frightening places,Advantages and disadvantages of country life,Some people have found a compromise between the two lives.,My dreams.,Complete the table with the information youve got from the passage.,center,late at night,togetherness,peaceful and quiet,dirty,noise,impersonal,

44、belonging to a community,the exciting and important events taking place in cities,going to a new show or the latest movie,Shopping,Fill in the blanks with the given words. Change the form where necessary.,1. Any improvement is welcome, no matter how _ it is. 2. His actions _ sharply with his promise

45、s or principles. 3. She _ against the wall as she was too tired to walk on. 4. Luckily , she was unhurt in the car accident except for a few _ cuts. 5. It is _ to consider the possible consequence of releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment.,lean slight isolate convince improvement frighte

46、n preference contrast compromise superficial,slight,contrast,leaned,superficial,frightening,Fill in the blanks with the given words. Change the form where necessary.,6. In a sense, no one lives totally alone, _from the society around him or her. 7. I hope well be able to come to a_ after a heart-to-

47、 heart talk. 8. After a heated argument we were finally _ that the state should develop a market economy. 9. I think there is considerable room for _ in state facilities for treating the mentally handicapped. 10. When asked, many students expressed a strong _ for online learning.,lean slight isolate

48、 convince improvement frighten preference contrast compromise superficial,isolated,compromise,convinced,improvement,preference,E-C Translation Skills,定語從句的翻譯(2)：非限制性定語從句或較長(zhǎng)的限制性定語從句可譯成后置的并列分句。 非限制性定語從句用來對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，在文字上一般有逗號(hào)與先行詞隔開，與先行詞的關(guān)系較為松散。非限制性定語從句在語意上接近于并列結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)通?？勺g成并列分句，放在先行詞的后面。例如：,E-C Translatio

49、n Skills,1. Mr. Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wifes. 史密斯先生昨天來看過我，他是我妻子的親戚。 2. Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water. 人類不能在月球上居住，那里沒有空氣和水。 3. We have two spare rooms upstairs, neither of which has been much used in the past two years. 我們樓上有兩間空房，前兩年沒怎么用。,E-C Translation Skills,4. John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 約翰不能來參加聚會(huì)，他妻子病了。 5 . Metal has many useful properties, of which strength is the most important. 金屬有許多有