1、裝配工具,ASSEMBLY TOOLS,-車床和銑床.Turning and milling machines. -焊接設(shè)備Welding equipment. 沖床和步?jīng)_輪廓機(jī) Punching and nibbling machine.,生產(chǎn)工具:Production tools:,檢測(cè)工具M(jìn)easuring and inspection tools: - 游標(biāo)卡尺Vernier calipers. - 量規(guī)Gauge. - 粗糙度測(cè)試儀Roughness tester.,裝配和拆卸工具: Assembly and disassembly tools: - 扳手Spanners. - 起子

2、Screwdrivers. - 液壓螺母Hydraulic nut.,扳手 Spanners,梅花扳手 Ring spanners,梅花有一個(gè)十二邊形. 這樣,扳手在旋緊和松開螺釘時(shí)只需旋轉(zhuǎn)30. The ring is provided with a dodecagon. As a result, the spanner only needs to make a turn of 30 to tighten or unscrew a bolt.,梅花扳手有兩種不同的,通常是連續(xù)的扳手尺寸. 一些常規(guī)的形式有: The ring spanner has two different, often

3、successive spanner sizes. Some normal forms are: - 大彎頭梅花扳手The strongly embossed ring spanner. - 小彎頭梅花扳手The lightly embossed ring spanner. - 平型梅花扳手The plane or flat ring spanner.,The most used spanner is the strongly embossed ring spanner.,梅花/開口扳手Ring/open-ended spanners,這是開口扳手和梅花扳手的結(jié)合,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是,只要螺母或螺釘容易

4、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),我們就可以使用操作更快的開口扳手這一端. This is a combination of an open-ended spanner and a ring spanner. The advantage is that, with the faster working open-ended spanner end, one can work as long as the nut or bolt rotates easily. 如果螺母或螺釘很難旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),我們就能容易地將扳手轉(zhuǎn)過來,用梅花扳手這一端繼續(xù)旋緊 If the nut or bolt runs more heavily, the

5、spanner can easily be turned around to continue tightening with the ring spanner end. . 因此, 梅花/開口扳手兩端的扳手尺寸相同.,Consequently, the ring/open-ended spanner has the same spanner size on both ends.,開口扳手Open-ended spanners,開口扳手的鉗口大多與手柄呈15角.因此,扳手只需旋轉(zhuǎn)30就可以擰緊或松開螺釘. The jaws of the open-ended spanner are mostl

6、y placed at an angle of 15 to the shaft. As a result, the spanner only needs to make a turn of 30 to tighten or to unscrew a bolt. Also, if used correctly, the spanner will not slide off the nut or head of the bolt. 同樣,若使用正確,扳手將不會(huì)滑出螺母或螺釘頭.,The above can be explained as follows. When we apply a force

7、 on the spanner shaft in the direction of force F1, forces F2 and F3 will develop.,Force F2 will attempt to rotate the nut. Force F3 will try to slide the jaw of the spanner further onto the nut. If we move the spanner in the direction of force F4, then force F6 will try to slide the spanner off the

8、 nut.,所以,當(dāng)我們?cè)诎馐稚嫌么罅r(shí),必須要將扳手如右圖所示那樣放置.,Therefore, when we exert a large force on the spanner, we must place the spanner as shown in the figure to the right.,尺寸規(guī)格 Size indication,扳手上所標(biāo)明的尺寸是有關(guān)扳手的寬度,有時(shí)會(huì)有螺釘?shù)闹睆? 扳手的寬度是指一個(gè)六角螺母或螺釘頭的兩個(gè)平行面之間的距離. The size specified on the spanner refers to the width of spanner

9、 and sometimes to the diameter of the bolt. By width of spanner, we mean the distance between two parallel faces of a hexagonal nut or bolt head.,對(duì)于扳手來說,我們可以有三個(gè)不同的尺寸體系: With spanners, we can have three different size systems:,公制尺寸Metric sizes:扳手寬度在這里是用mm為單位顯示在扳手上. the width of spanner is indicated o

10、n the spanner in mm. American sizes: 美式尺寸扳手寬度是用英寸為單位顯示在扳手上. with this dimensioning the width of spanner is indicated in inches on the spanner 英式尺寸 English sizes: 在此是螺釘尺寸用英寸為單位顯示在扳手上. the bolt size is indicated in inches on the spanner.,套筒扳手 Socket spanners,套筒通常與各種附件一起,作為一整套在一個(gè)鐵箱中.,The sockets are of

11、ten supplied with different accessories as a set in a steel case.,3/8, 和 ,棘輪手柄 Ratchet handle. 帶有肘節(jié)的手柄 Handle with toggle joint. 滑動(dòng)手柄(T型件) Sliding handle (T-piece). 長(zhǎng)延伸接頭Long extension piece. 短延伸接頭 Short extension piece. 直角手柄 通用接頭. Universal joint.,曲柄 Brace.,Squared handle.,筒式扳手 Box spanners,筒式扳手由無縫

12、鋼管拉制成,它只能借助一根旋轉(zhuǎn)棒來轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng). Box spanners drawn from jointless steel tube can only be rotated with the aid of a tommy bar.,鑄造的筒式扳手可以用一把開口扳手來旋轉(zhuǎn),也可以借助旋轉(zhuǎn)棒.,Forged box spanners can be twisted with an open-ended spanner as well as with a tommy bar.,活動(dòng)扳手 Adjustable spanner,扳手有不同的尺寸,它是用一個(gè)偶數(shù)英寸單位來表示其總長(zhǎng)度,如: 4“, 6”, 8

13、“, 10”等等. The spanner is available in different sizes. Here, the total length is specified in an even number of inches, for instance 4, 6, 8, 10 etc.,非普通或特殊的扳手 Uncommon or special spanners,開口梅花扳手Open-ended ring spanner,The spanner is used to unscrew and tighten nipples or piping. The opening in the

14、rings enables it to be slid round the pipe.,此扳手是用于旋松或旋緊噴嘴或管道. 其開口的目的是使扳手能夠圍繞著管子滑動(dòng).,棘輪扳手 Ratchet spanners,套筒扳手 Socket spanner,這種套筒扳手是筒式扳手的一種變體. 它用來旋松或旋緊那些難接近地方的螺釘. The socket spanner is a variant of the box spanner. It is used to unscrew or tighten bolts in places that are difficult to access.,內(nèi)六角扳手P

15、in wrenches,優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在螺釘頭周圍無需空間來放扳手, 所以這些螺釘用在那些難以接近的地方. The advantage of this is that no space is needed around the bolt head to place the spanner, so that these bolts are used in places that are difficult to access.,類型： 直角內(nèi)六角扳手 Right angled pin wrench. 有球頭的直角內(nèi)六角扳手 Right angled pin wrench with ball head.

16、有T型柄的內(nèi)六角扳手 Pin wrench with T-grip.,扭矩扳手 Torque wrenches,Torque wrenches can be subdivided into three groups, namely: 扭力扳手Direct reading torque wrench. 定扭矩扳手Signalling torque wrench. 角旋轉(zhuǎn)扭矩扳手.Torque wrench with angular rotation.,扭矩扳手可分為三類,分別叫做:,扭力扳手 Direct reading torque wrench,定扭矩扳手Signalling torque

17、wrench,轉(zhuǎn)角扭矩扳手 Torque wrench with angular rotation,起子 Screwdrivers,一字槽起子. Flat screwdrivers, straight blade. 十字槽起子 Crosshead screwdrivers, crosshead blade,拳頭起子 Fist screwdriver,直角起子 Right angle Screwdriver,夾緊起子 Clamping screwdriver,錘擊起子 Hammer screwdriver,錘擊螺絲刀用于那些靠普通螺絲刀難以松開的螺絲. The hammer screwdrive

18、r is used for screws that are difficult to loosen with an ordinary screwdriver.,扭矩起子 Torque screwdriver,除了先前所述的轉(zhuǎn)矩扳手外,還有各種類型的轉(zhuǎn)矩螺絲刀 Besides the previously mentioned torque wrenches, there are also various torque screwdrivers.,老虎鉗 Pliers,組合鉗Combination pliers,鋼絲鉗、剪鉗Cutting pliers,最普遍的剪鉗是“邊剪鉗”.它們用來剪斷電纜,

19、剪開銷,等等. The most common cutting pliers are the “side-cutting pliers”. These pliers are used to cut off electrical cable, split pins, etc.,彎曲鉗Bending pliers,平形彎曲鉗具有平形的鉗夾,用來彎曲小形的條帶和電線.它們也適用來夾住小螺絲或螺母. Flat bending pliers have flat jaws and are used for bending small strips and wire. They are also suite

20、d to hold small bolts or nuts. 圓形(有鼻的)彎曲鉗配有圓形鉗夾,用來彎曲小的圈環(huán)端. Round (nosed) bending pliers are equipped with round jaws and are used to bend small looped ends. 該老虎鉗有帶齒和無齒的兩種類型.,The pliers are supplied in a toothed and a non-toothed version.,儀表鉗 Instrument pliers,儀表鉗具有長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的,尖尖的,通常還是彎的鉗夾, Instrument pliers

21、 have long, pointed jaws, which are often also bent. 該老虎鉗是用來將小的零部件放置在很難接近的位置. The pliers are used to place small parts in positions that are difficult to access.,彈性擋圈鉗Retaining ring pliers,彈性擋圈鉗用來裝配和拆卸彈性檔圈,Retaining ring pliers are used to assemble and disassemble spring retaining rings.,剝皮鉗 Strippi

22、ng pliers,剝皮鉗用來去除電線絕緣體而不損壞芯線. Stripping pliers are used to remove the insulation of electrical cables without damaging the core. 通過老虎鉗上的調(diào)節(jié)螺絲可以為電纜芯線的厚度進(jìn)行設(shè)定 By means of an adjusting screw the pliers can be set for the intended core thickness of the electrical cable.,錘子 Hammers,- 鋼錘Steel hammers. - 裝配錘Assembly hammers.,鋼錘 Steel hammers,鋼錘一般上不直接在零部件上敲擊,因?yàn)檫@會(huì)損壞零件. The steel hammer is generally not directly struck on the part, because this would damage the part.,十字尖頭錘. The cross pein hammer. 圓頭錘 The ball pein hammer. 鉗工小錘、臺(tái)用錘 T