1、名詞性從句,1,概念：,名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可以分為_、_、_和_。,同位語從句,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,2,名詞性從句的連接詞：,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： （1）連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）這些詞在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 （2）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever, whomever （在句中可作主語、賓語、

2、表語、定語） （3）連接副詞：when, where, how, why ,wherever, whenever（在句中做狀語）,3,不可省略的連詞：,1. 介詞后的連詞 2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。如： （1）That she was chosen made us very happy. （2）We heard the news that our team had won.,4,主語從句,作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whichever 以及連接副詞how

3、，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。 that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。,5,主語從句,_ he is a famous singer is known to us. _ happened that night will be never known. _ he will go to America is not decided. _ comes first will be given a p

4、rize. _ the meeting will be put off is still unknown.,That,What,When,Whoever,Whether,6,注意：,1. 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。 例如： Whether you will come or not doesnt matter so much. 可改為：_.,It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.,7,2. 主語從句可用it做形式主語，常用句型有： It+be+adj. (ob

5、vious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain等)+that從句 It is certain that she will do well in the exam. It+be+名詞詞組（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等 ）+that從句 Its no surprise that our team has won the game.,8,It+be+過去分詞（said, reported, thought, expected, anno

6、unced等 ）+that從句 Its said that Mr. Green has arrived at Beijing. It doesnt matter (makes no difference等)+連詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的句子。 It doesnt matter whether he comes or not. Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryoucancomeornot.,你能不能來沒關(guān)系。,9,注意： 主語從句that不能省略 If不能引導(dǎo)主語從句,10,1 在It is suggested, ordered, requested, insisted, etc. +

7、 that從句中，謂語部分用should + 動詞原形，should常被省略 It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.2 在It is important, natural, necessary, etc. + that從句中，謂語部分常用should + 動詞原形，should常被省略。It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.3 在It is funny, strange, surprising,

8、 a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that從句中，有時謂語部分用should + 動詞原形，來表達(dá)說話者的感情色彩，此時should也可省略。It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.,11,表語從句,在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣。表語從句有時用as if/ as though 引導(dǎo)；because也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句。如： Thats just what I want. It looks as if it is going to rai

9、n. 當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,12,It is _ they need more hands at present. The reason is _ they need more hands at present. My decision is _ I will go abroad. The problem is _ they can find a proper person

10、to replace him. This is _ our problem lies. It looks _ it is going to rain. 如果句子主語是suggestion, advice, order,表語從句使用should+動詞原形。,because,that,that,whether,where,as if,My suggestion is that you should set out at once.,13,賓語從句,在句子中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣（但是if也可引導(dǎo)賓語從句），在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞

11、的賓語。,14,注意：,由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如： I know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job.,15,2. 如果動詞賓語后又有補(bǔ)語那么要用it作形式賓語，然后把賓語從句放到補(bǔ)語之后。例： He has made it clear that he will not give in. 3. I ( dont ) think/

12、 believe/ suppose/ expect/ imagine后接賓語從句時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。如：I dont think he is right, is he? 4. do you think/ believe/ suppose/ expect/ imagine 后接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在句首。如： What do you think is going on outside?,16,5. whether 與 if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但要特別注意下面的幾種情況： （1）賓語從句是否定句時，只用 if，不用 whether。 如：I wonder

13、 if it doesnt rain. （2）用 if 會引起誤解，就要用 whether。如：Please let me know whether you want to go. 此句如果把 whether 改成 if， （ 容易當(dāng)成條件句理解） （3）賓語從句中的 whether 與 or not 直接連用，就不能換成 if；不直接連用，可換。 如：I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not. （4）介詞后的賓語從句要用 whether 引導(dǎo)

14、。 （5）whether 可與不定式連用。,It depends on whether the weather is suitable for us to do it.,He asked me whether to go with him.,17,6引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，只用whether. eg：Whether this is true（or not），I cant tell. 7在discuss后面只能跟whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Eg: We discussed whether we should close the shop.,引導(dǎo)主語從句時，從句位于句首用whet

15、her，不用if。 Eg: Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 她是否喜歡那件禮物我不清楚。 引導(dǎo)表語從句時，用whether, 不用if。例如： His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. 它的第一個問題是福爾摩斯是否已經(jīng)到了。,18,6. 在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如： I insist t

16、hat she (should) do her work alone. 7. 動詞doubt 如果用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句常用if/whether引導(dǎo)，如果用于否定句或疑問句，賓語從句則用that引導(dǎo)。如： I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.,19,同位語從句,同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information

17、、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。如： （1）The news that we won the game is exciting. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞what，who。連接副詞how, when, where等。（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。） I have no idea when he will come back home. He must answer the question whether he agrees w

18、ith it or not.,他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。,20,名詞性從句的重難點(diǎn),引導(dǎo)詞what和that 的區(qū)別 what ：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且在從句中作成分（主語，賓語，表語等），相當(dāng)于all that/ everything that。常譯為 “的（東西，事情等） that：只起連接作用，本身無實(shí)際意義且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。 如：What he did was for you. I hope that everything is all right.,21,2. 引導(dǎo)詞who 和whoever的區(qū)別 Whoever: 意為“無論誰”，相當(dāng)于anyone who 或those

19、who,它既是從句的主語，又是主句的主語。 Who:意為“誰”，它只作從句的主語，who引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語。 如：Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. Who will get the gift is not important.,22,3. 引導(dǎo)詞what和whatever的區(qū)別 兩者意思差不多，只是whatever的語氣更強(qiáng)，有 “任何一切”的意思。 如：Parents shouldnt give the children whatever they want. Thats what I want. 4. that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句

20、位于句首時，that不能省略。 如：That he will win the match is certain.,23,5. What引導(dǎo)主語從句時，如果表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); 如果表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 如：What we need are some books. What we need is water. 6.名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。 如：She is thinking of how she can help us.,24,7. Thats why 后加結(jié)果 Thats because 后加原因 如：He is late. Thats because he got up

21、late this morning. He got up late this morning. Thats why he is late today.,25,8. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句是對前面名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或解釋，從句一般是完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不做句子成分。 定語從句是對其前的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不夠完整， 引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。 如： The fact that she has not known the result of the exam is clear. The fact （which/that/不填 ）she told me

22、yesterday is very important.,26,鞏固練習(xí)：,一、判斷下列各句是什么從句 。 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news

23、 that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.,27,二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空,1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy. 2. Thats _ he refused my invitation. 3. I am very interested in _ he has imp

24、roved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. _ we need is more time. 5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for. 8. Is that _ you are looking for?,how,Where,that,What,whom

25、/who,what,why,which,when,28,三單項選擇,1. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says 2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. That B. What C. How D. Where 3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.

26、 A. whether B. if C. that D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .that B. how C. what D. which,A,B,A,C,29,5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little Tommy was reluctant t

27、o tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _. A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along