1、Noun Clause Eric,1,句子種類,簡單句 （5個）,復合句 （主句+引導詞+從句）,并列句 （簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句）,定從，狀從，名從,2,1: Both Tom and Henry are Chinese boys. 2: You help him and he helps you. 3:What we can do is helping them. 4: If my wish that the dancers can grow taller comes true one day, they will not have to stand on their toes all

2、the time.,What kind of sentences are they?,簡單句,復合句,復合句,并列句,3,Noun Clauses (名詞性從句),Subject Clause (主語從句),Appositive Clause （同位語從句）,Object Clause （賓語從句）,Predicative Clause （表語從句）,4,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The

3、 news that we won the game is exciting.,主語是句子,賓語是句子,表語是句子,名詞性從句的作用相當于名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句 、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。,同位語是句子,5,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses(引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞):,what(事情), who(誰), whom(誰), whose(誰的), which(哪.), wh+ever(無論任何.),that, whether/if（是否）, as if/as though,when(何時), where(何地), how(如何), w

4、hy(為什么),6,1. 主語從句,主語從句就是從句在主句中作主語的名詞性從句。,1)That she left him hurts him so much. 2)Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 3) What we need is more practice. 4)When we will begin the meeting is under discussion.,*that 只起引導作用，不充當成分，但不能省略。,*whether 是否，表不確定的事情(不能用If）,*what 在從句中作主語,*When 在從句中作狀語,7

5、,*_(他是否要來)is not yet known. *_(他想告訴我們什么)is not clear. *_(誰會贏得這場比賽)is still unknown. *_(你錯過了這次機會)is a pity. =It is _.,Exercise 1:,Whether he will come or not,What he wants to tell us,Who will win the match,That you missed the chance,a pity that you missed the chance,8,注意: 由that 引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免

6、 “頭重腳輕”, 常用 it 作形式主語, 而把從句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*it為形式主語,It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,9,這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +從句

7、It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是 It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 是事實 It is common knowledge that 是常識 *_(很遺憾)we lost the match. *_(這是事實)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,10,2) It is + adj. +從句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 I

8、t is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明顯)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,11,3) It +不及物動詞+從句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 *_(剛好)I came into the office at that time. *_(我

9、突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,12,4) It + be +過去分詞+從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道 It is believed that.據(jù)信;人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議 It must be admitted that必須承認 It cannot be denied that 不可否認 It

10、must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(據(jù)報道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,13,賓語從句,We can learn what we do not know. He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.A. I dont know where we will hold th

11、e meeting.(語序),14,1.I decided （that ）I would go to the party. 2.I dont know if/whether he will come back tomorrow. 3.I want to know how it happened. 4. He was listening to what the teacher said.,賓語從句就是從句在主句中作賓語的名詞性從句, 通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。,2.賓語從句,15,1. _(我聽說)he joined the army. 2. _(我懷疑)he will suc

12、ceed. 3. Pay attention to _ (醫(yī)生說些什么). 4. Do you know_(他什么時候會來)? 5. Did she say_(我們應(yīng)該怎么做這個工作)?,Exercise 2:,I heard (that),I doubt whether/if,what the doctor said,when he will come,how we should do the work,16,Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.,1. -Can you tell me _ the man is ? - He is my

13、 brother. 2. I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor asks _ medicine you have taken. 4. This is _ they solved the problems in the city.,who,when,what,how,17,5. What frightened us most was _ two lights suddenly appeared out of the darkness. 6. My mother asked _ the matter was with

14、 me. 7. The reason I didnt come to the meeting was _ I got ill.,what,that,that,18,We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.,注意： it?？梢苑旁趧釉~think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語, 真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾.,*_(我們覺得很奇怪)she didnt go

15、 to school today.,We think it strange that,19,Translate these sentences into English using noun clauses.,1.這是我們所想要的東西。 This is what we want. 2. 我認為你是對的。 I think you are right. 3. 我想知道他是否能幫助我。 Id like to know whether he can help me or not.,20,4. 天氣不是昨天那樣了。 The weather is not what it was yesterday. 5.

16、 問題是我們怎么能完成任務(wù)。 The problem is how we can finish the task.,21,表語從句在句子中作表語，在系動詞之后,The question is whether we can complete the difficult task. The fact is that we will have two days off.,22,常見的系動詞分為三種：,A表示特征和狀態(tài)： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem,appear等,B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)： get, become, grow, turn, fall,

17、 go, come, run等,C表示某種狀態(tài)的： remain, keep, prove, rest, continue, stay等,3.表語從句,表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后,23,1.The trouble is (that )I have lost his address. 2.The question is whether they will be able to help us. 3.That is what he has done. 4.The problem remains how to get some financial support.,表

18、語從句：,24,1.The reason why he was late was _he missed the train by one minute this morning. 2.The question is _ _(我們是否能做好準備）in such a short time. 3.What I want to know is _ _(我該買哪部詞典）. 4.The point is _（你什么時候可以完成）,Exercise 3:,whether we can make good,when you can finish it.,that,which dictionary I,prep

19、aration,should buy,25,4.同位語從句,同位語從句就是從句在句中作同位語的名詞性從句，是對與其同位的名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 大多數(shù)同位語從句由從屬連詞that (whether, how, when, where, why)引導（不能省略）,常跟以下抽象名詞后, fact/ news/idea/reason/ hope/ belief/ truth/dream /problem/ advice/ suggestion/ thought/order/ doubt/ answer/ reply ,26,1.They are familiar with the o

20、pinion that all matter consists of atoms. 2.Where did you get the idea that I could not come. 3. He often asks me this question when Tom will come back from American.,Appositive clause 同位語從句:,27,1. The idea _ computers will recognize human voices surprises many people. 2. The possibility _ the major

21、ity of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 3. I have no idea _(他去了哪里） 4. They are thinking about the question_ _(怎么能夠贏得)the competition. 5. Please tell us the truth _(誰為我們做的）.,that,that,how they,who did that for us,where he has gone,Exercise 4:,could win,28,1.The news that our tea

22、m has won the game was true. *(同位語從句, 補充說明news到底是一個什么消息，that雖不作成分, 但不能省略) 2.The news that he told me yesterday was true. *(定語從句, 起修飾作用，說明到底是哪一個消息， that在從句中作told的賓語,可以省略),注意：同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別,29,判斷:定語從句or同位語從句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.

23、The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 4.The news that we got last week is true. 5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.,(定語從句),(同位語從句),(同位語從句),(定語從句),(定語從句),30,1.T

24、he suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good. 2.The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.,注意：名詞性從句與定語從句區(qū)別,名詞性從句,定語從句,10,31,判斷：名詞性從句定語從句,1.The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all. 2.There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next w

25、eek.,名詞性從句,定語從句,10,32,1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. That is _ I had a few days off. -The project was turn down. -Is that _ we lack money? 3.Tom didnt go to school today. The reason was _ he fell ill.,用thatwhybecause填空,that,why,because,20,33,注意1：that / what的辨用,1._ he wants is a book

26、. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 4.He told us _ he felt ill. 5.The result is _ we won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.,What,That,what,what,wh

27、at,（that）,（that）,that,Rules,1.that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用 2. what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。,34,注意2：whether與if的辨用,1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony. 4.It depends on whether we have got en

28、ough money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I dont know whether/if it is right or not.,Rules,1.在由形式主語it引導的主語從句及在vt動詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用； 2.在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓

29、語從句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether； 3.在whether or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能換成if,35,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. I dont know _ he is well or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall attend the meeting.

30、5.Were worried about _ he is safe. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go or to stay at home.,whether/ if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether / if,36,1.I doubt_ he can speak English

31、. 2.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.,whether/ if,that,10,37,*His brother asks when will he go to the library .,PS:名詞性從句的語序用陳述語序,Correct or not?,*His brother asks when he will go to the library .,10,38,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,*When the meeting will be

32、 held hasnt been known yet.,PS:主語從句的謂語用單數(shù)形式,10,39,Correct or not?,PS:由that引導的主語從句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up his job surprises all of us.,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,10,40,Correct or not?,PS: 在此賓語從句中，it 充當形式賓語，真正的賓語為that 從句,I think it worthwhile that we spent so much money

33、 on these books.,* I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.,10,41,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,PS:放在名詞性從句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,42,Correct or not?,PS:由reason 做主語的表語從句只能用th

34、at 來引導。,The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.,*The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.,10,43,Correct or not?,PS:此主語從句缺少成分(賓語)，故用作成分的what來引導，而不用that。,What she wants to know iswhen the party will be held .,*That she wants to know is when the

35、 party will be held .,10,44,Correct or not?,PS:同位語從句的that 不能省略。,He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.,*He expressed his hope he would visit China again.,10,45,Correct or not?,PS:注意虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引導的賓語從句，或由demand, order, suggestion等引導的

36、表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語要用should+do 的形式,It is suggested that we should put off.,*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.,10,46,Correct or not?,PS:注意虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，從句的謂語要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish the work on time.,*It is important that we will finish the work on time.,10,47,1.Do they speak English? （一般疑問句） 2.We want to know,Join two sentences into one noun clause,We want to know if/whether they can speak Eng