1、高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) -完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo),補(bǔ)全心理,格式塔心理學(xué): 當(dāng)看見(jiàn)不完整的事物時(shí)，人們根據(jù)腦子里對(duì)事物的完整概念，會(huì)在思想上把它補(bǔ)全.,完形填空是高考試題中的一個(gè)重要部分。完形填空共20題，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，分值為30分，占總分的20。在兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約350詞)內(nèi)留有20個(gè)空格，每個(gè)空格為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。,一.高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說(shuō)明對(duì)高考完形填空的規(guī)定：,完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力（測(cè)試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)水平。）,完型填空考查綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言

2、的能力： 1）詞語(yǔ)辨析能力 2）語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力 3）語(yǔ)篇理解能力 4）邏輯推理能力 5）文化背景透析能力 6）生活常識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力,二：完型填空試題主要特點(diǎn)：,1.通常一篇記敘文，一篇說(shuō)明文 或者一篇議論文。每篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空；,3. 干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密.一般情況下，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語(yǔ)法上一般不存在錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用；,4. 突出語(yǔ)篇(語(yǔ)境)，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際；,2. 內(nèi)容完整, 邏輯性強(qiáng), 語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。生 詞少, 難度適中。,5. 考察重點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞: 名詞 / 代詞 /動(dòng)詞 / 形 容詞 / 副詞等；單詞為

3、主、短語(yǔ)為輔。 6. 關(guān)注語(yǔ)境背景知識(shí), 側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián), 暗示判斷能力。,7.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；,對(duì)于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 2010全國(guó)卷（I）,記敘文,1、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)， 利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。 2、議論文中表達(dá)作者

4、態(tài)度或看法的詞較多， 所以，試題中對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查往往也 較多。問(wèn)題跳躍性較大。我們做題時(shí)， 既要看事實(shí)，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。,議論文,對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . . 2010全國(guó)卷（II）,1、說(shuō)明文直白性較強(qiáng)，脈絡(luò)清晰。 2、說(shuō)明文的層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握這些關(guān)鍵，做完形填空便

5、會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，游刃有余。,說(shuō)明文,完形填空總體要求,完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、閱讀理解能力和總體語(yǔ)言水平。 解題過(guò)程是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過(guò)程，需要我們立足語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境，樹(shù)立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語(yǔ)境角度來(lái)選擇答案。,詞匯題,高考完形填空 考什么？,篇章結(jié)構(gòu) (語(yǔ)境),語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合選項(xiàng),沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟:很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語(yǔ)篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。,三：為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多?,切記:一定要用2-3分鐘

6、時(shí)間先進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空.,2. 不注意積累答題技巧:,a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；,b.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系;,c.遇到長(zhǎng)句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇.,3.時(shí)間安排不當(dāng):在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過(guò)分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來(lái)不及做。,切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會(huì)做 的，再考慮較難的。 強(qiáng)烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默讀, 選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來(lái)較流暢的.,四. 解題方法：,總的原則: 先完意，后完形。,三步曲： 讀填讀,十六字方針：上下通氣

7、，瞻前顧后， 左顧右盼，前后照應(yīng) 。,五. 完形填空具體解題步驟,通覽-選填-復(fù)核,1 通覽-速讀全文，把握大意,跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容等等。,2 選填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境，展開(kāi)邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考，選項(xiàng)入格。,3 復(fù)核-全面檢查，確保語(yǔ)意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確,復(fù)讀全文驗(yàn)證答案。帶著答案把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。,完形填空之 解題技巧,Ba

8、sic skills of cloze,細(xì)讀文章的第一句話,高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Sentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。 充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開(kāi)思維，爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局勝利。,1.上下文和 前后句的提示 （復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）,一：詞匯題,1.( 2010北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believe

9、d I had opinions, so I began to . 37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention,opinions,語(yǔ)境-原詞重現(xiàn),2. (2010陜西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins

10、 C. tins D. drugs,語(yǔ)境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),3. Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .,A hearing B health C eyesight D time,4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous,語(yǔ)境

11、-反義詞,語(yǔ)境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),5. Chinese government challenged local Shools to conduct experiments in-education reform. And then Renda Fuzhong Xisan school in Beijing stepped up to the_. charges B. exchange C. challenge D. experience,語(yǔ)境-原詞重現(xiàn)(詞性變化),challenged,14,6. and then both ended up from the same high schoo

12、l. Just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京）,A graduation B movement C separation D vacation,A,7The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 22

13、Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild,8The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabove,9In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time. 44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an as

14、sistant,10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky. 41. A. forward B. outward C. onward D. inward,11.The art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(痕跡) of paint

15、 deep in the picture dating from about 1814. 45. A. try B. remove C. wash D. check,2.詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法 和固定搭配,詞匯題,1. （2010全國(guó)I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break,語(yǔ)境-

16、固定搭配,take a 36,2.The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after,3. It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _ tea at the time. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving,4. Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up

17、 these articles.(2003 北京 春 50小題） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt,5. , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第30題) A .doing B. raising C. putting D. producing,6.Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a

18、 living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid 37A. like B. as if C. so D. nor,7. On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper _ his brother for him and found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged,能與“A for B”搭配的在四

19、個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C, mistake A for B意為“誤以為A是B，把A錯(cuò)當(dāng)成B”。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken,8. (2008安徽)When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some_, which even the best guidebooks do not . A. ideas B. opinions C. feelings D. questions,answer,3.根據(jù)詞匯的 意義及用法辨析詞義,詞匯題,1.(2010江蘇卷) My father 36 me to her with these w

20、ords:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced,2.(2010全國(guó)I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try,語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析,36 me to,just 54 the best of,語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析,3.

21、 The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A. on B. within C. in D. under A. running B. floating C. flowing D. pulling,4. With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team. A. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up,堅(jiān)持?。徊粧鞌?伸出等,推遲,阻礙,舉起，搶劫，推遲,語(yǔ)境+詞語(yǔ)辨析,笨拙的,5.The trainer dec

22、ided it was useless trying to finish. He called to Trudy to 45 . 45A. keep up B. slow down C. give up D. take up,6.The forest began to disappear, which 53 all the animals dying out. 53. A. resulted in B. resulted from C. created D. lay in,7. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his

23、 money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _ to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions make additions to 給增加 make sacrifices for 為做出犧牲 make changes to對(duì)作修改 make contributions to 對(duì)作貢獻(xiàn),8. So I

24、tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back,come on 加油，得了吧；開(kāi)始 come out 出來(lái); 盛開(kāi); 出版; 顯出 come in 進(jìn)來(lái) come back 回來(lái),4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí) 及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇,詞匯題,1. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 t

25、he butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding,生活常識(shí),常識(shí)、背景知識(shí),2. (2010福建)Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pused them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custorn B

26、. games C .characters D. language,3. I turned the key in the lock and _the door open. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried,語(yǔ)境-常識(shí),4.(2008浙江)I dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. But he did . Any kind of ride seemed to give him pleasure. And he loved to fish A. boat B. bus C. tr

27、ain D. bike,love the water,5. ,you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by A.is coming B. is discovered C.is invented D. begins,the international dateline是國(guó)際日期變更線，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見(jiàn)，摸不著，但是可以越過(guò)。它是新的一天開(kāi)始的地方。答案分別為 B D,其實(shí)，以上方法并非獨(dú)立使用

28、，交互使用的情況較多。根據(jù)文章運(yùn)用多方法，對(duì)選項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)分析，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定最佳答案。對(duì)稍難的或拿不準(zhǔn)的個(gè)別題，我們可采用排除法。,邏輯手段,讓步關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系,解釋關(guān)系,順序關(guān)系,并列關(guān)系,1：,二：邏輯手段,1.（2010江蘇卷) Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.” 41.

29、A.but B.so C.and D.or,語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配,the smartest,2.（2010湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy,語(yǔ)境-同類并列關(guān)系,3.（2010安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line.

30、 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally,語(yǔ)境-順序關(guān)系,4. A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,5. At first nothing happened,_ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and

31、B. or C. so D.then,6. My main responsibility(職責(zé)） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40題） A. or B. so C. but D. even,語(yǔ)境轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,7. _ father and I often argue with each other, we are good friends. A. If B. Although C. When D. As if,語(yǔ)境-讓步關(guān)系,8. If we make a noise on t

32、he bus they look _ and uncomfortable . A. untouched B. worried C, moved D. excited Hellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively,語(yǔ)境-并列關(guān)系,2：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析,二：邏輯手段, When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the US and China.

33、For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.,A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later,logic（邏輯推理）/ 語(yǔ)境,（遼寧） 42 is known to us all, there is not 43 (enough) water in all places for every-one to use as much as h

34、e likes. 42. A. That B. It C. What D. As,定語(yǔ)從句,42空指代主句therehe likes.,語(yǔ)境-語(yǔ)法分析, When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37題） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested,語(yǔ)境-語(yǔ)法分析,（2010天津卷） “ As a policeman, I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were

35、 always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether,語(yǔ)法-句型（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）,The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people. A. expected B. suggested C. told D. said,we find = we should find,語(yǔ)境-語(yǔ)法分析,Of course, he did not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as he_ A. did B. had C. understood D. could,這兒did 代替understood,不選understood避免重復(fù)。屬語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn).,(2007遼寧)