1、省略 為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：,（一）簡單句中的省略 1、省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。 其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。 e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括號內(nèi)為省略的詞語，下同） (I) See you tomorrow. (It) Doesnt matter. 2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。 e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?,3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留

2、to。 e.g. - Are you going there? - Id like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (動詞:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide, prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse等動詞賓語。 tell, ask, want, expect, warn等動詞的賓補。 形容詞： glad, happy, pleas

3、ed, delighted, 短語：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, used to, ought to, ) 注意：如果該賓語是be動詞或完成時態(tài)， 則須在to之后加上be或have。 e.g. - Are you an engineer? - No, but I want to be. - He hasnt finished the task yet. - Well, he ought to have.,4、省略表語。 e.g. - Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty). 5、感嘆句根據(jù)上下

4、文的省略。 e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)! (Its) Simply impossible! 6、介詞的省略： e.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house. 一些固定詞組： have a hard time (in) doing sth. waste time (in) doing sth., spend (in) doing sth. prevent/stop(from), be busy (in) doing, be engaged (in) doing, theres no

5、use (in) doing, He failed (in) the game. The war lasted (for) four years. （但在句首和與walk等連用不可） Come and see me (at) any time you like. (in, on, at, by) He stayed (at) home all day. He walked (for ) three li. (表示距離的狀語中) （In) This way you will succeed.,( You )open the door. Please!,-Would you like to wat

6、ch NBA ? -(It ) sounds like a good idea.,1、Omitting the Subject（主語）,(1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) havent seen you for ages. (3) (It) Doesnt matter.,2、Omitting the Predicative（表語）,Is he a teacher ? -Yes, he is (a teacher ).,(2) His sister isnt lazy, nor is his brother (lazy).,Will Liuxiang

7、 win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games ? Sorry, I dont know (whether he will win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games or not).,3. Omitting the Object（賓語）,7、名詞所有格后面的名詞，如果是表示住宅，店鋪， 教堂或者上下文已經(jīng)暗示或明確指出過的事物時常省略。 e.g. At her sisters (house), she spent a pleasant weekend. 8、 連詞的省略： not only but

8、(also), whether (or not), so (that) 9、情態(tài)動詞should的省略 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask. Its necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity 10、同時省略幾個成分。 e.g. Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. - Have you finished your work? - (I hav

9、e) Not (finished my work) yet.,（二）并列句中的省略 兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中 相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.,（三）主從復合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略。 e.g. (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good ch

10、ance. 2、省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not （切不可用it或that）代替。 e.g. - Is he coming back tonight? - I think so. - Is he feeling better today? - Im afraid not. 這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I imagine not. I expect not. I hope not. I guess not等。 （但I dont th

11、ink so比I think not更常用）。,- Do you think it will rain ? - I think not . (I dont think it will rain ),- Do you think it will rain ? - I think so . (that it will rain ),1) How so? Why so? 2) Is that so? I hope so. 3) I suppose/believe/hope not.,(There is) No smoking .,(2) (Come in ) This way , please.,4

12、. Omitting the Predicate（謂語）and part of it,5. Omitting the Subject（主語） & Predicate（謂語） or part of them,( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill.,(2) (Will you) Have a smoke / a cup of tea?,（） What a wonderful time( we had)!,（四）其它省略 1、連詞that的省略： 、賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況 be+某些形容詞( afraid, sure, sorry, certa

13、in, glad)； 兩個(或兩個以上）賓語從句并列時； He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 、在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語/表語/There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的主語時可省略。 Im not the man (that) I was when you knew me first. This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. This is the best way (that) we should choose. I dont like t

14、he way (that)/in which he talks to his parents. 、引導主語從句、同位語從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。 在表語從句中偶爾可省略。 What they want to do is (that) they go to play basketball.,2、不定式符號to的省略 、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter. 、當不定式作表語時，

15、如果前面主語中出現(xiàn)實義動詞do及各種形式， 則不定式可省略。 What he wants to do is (to) go home. 、某些使役動詞（如let, make, have）及感官動詞 （如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等） 后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to， 但在被動語態(tài)中須把to加上。 e.g. - I saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 、介詞but/except/besides前若有動詞do

16、，后面的不定式不帶to。 e.g. The boy did nothing but play.,3. -Is he a painter? -Yes, he is (a painter). -Are you a painter? -No, but I want to be (a painter ).,1 Are you going to Tibet? -Yes, Id like to (go there).,2 - Have you ever been to the seaside? - No. I should have (been to the seaside), but I was bus

17、y then.,“To do” as the Object,3、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語(或it)與主句主語 一致時，可省去“主語 + be”部分或從句的主語it。 （參看“狀語從句”有關(guān)部分） Look out for cars when crossing the street. Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary. She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health. 在比較狀語從句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。 Tom plays football as well as, if not better than, Jack. (=Tom plays football as well as Jack does, if he doesnt play better than Jack does.) We should think more of our class than of ourselves. 4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略， 但后面的語序有變化（參見“倒裝句”有關(guān)部分） 5、主句與從句各有一些成