1、.小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（開題報(bào)告）一、本課題的研究目的和意義：小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)是在機(jī)械傳動挖掘機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的。它的工作過程是以鏟斗的切削土壤， 鏟斗裝滿后提升、 回轉(zhuǎn)至卸土位置， 卸空后的鏟斗再回到挖掘位置開始下一次的作業(yè)。因此小型履帶式挖掘是一種周期作業(yè)的土方機(jī)械。小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的許多行業(yè)被廣泛地采用，如工業(yè)與民用建筑、交通運(yùn)輸、水利電氣工程、農(nóng)田改造、礦山采掘以及現(xiàn)代化軍事工程等等行業(yè)的機(jī)械化施工中。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，一般工程施工中約有 60%的土石方量、露天礦山中 80%的剝離量和采掘量是用挖掘機(jī)完成的。小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)因其體積小，主要應(yīng)用于城市、相對狹窄的地區(qū)，替人力勞

2、動，其用途廣泛，主要作業(yè)是挖掘、裝載、整地，用于城市管道、道路、住宅建設(shè)、基礎(chǔ)工程和園林作業(yè)等。它不僅體積小，機(jī)動靈活，且可附裝各種工作裝置，屬多功能建設(shè)機(jī)械。采用小挖掘機(jī)可以大大減輕人力的勞動，縮短施工周期。為節(jié)省勞動力、減輕繁重體力勞動，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、加快建設(shè)速度，保證工程質(zhì)量和降低成本， 采用機(jī)械化施工是根本的措施。 它對盡早發(fā)揮建設(shè)投資效果， 促進(jìn)國名經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速度發(fā)展有很大的作用。二、文獻(xiàn)綜述（國內(nèi)外研究情況及其發(fā)展）：我國前些年大量投入使用的高速公路等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，近來正越來越多地進(jìn)入維護(hù)保養(yǎng)期，同時(shí)城市建設(shè)也由“大拆大建”逐漸向“精雕細(xì)刻”轉(zhuǎn)變。隨著我國城市化建設(shè)進(jìn)程加快，今后小型工

3、程機(jī)械設(shè)備將逐步升溫，小型挖掘機(jī)市場為業(yè)內(nèi)人士普遍看好。小型液壓挖掘機(jī) （以下簡稱小挖） 在國外一般指級以下產(chǎn)品，國內(nèi)目前尚沒有明確分類，常指或級以下產(chǎn)品，國內(nèi)市場目前主要存在這樣兩類小型挖掘機(jī)產(chǎn)品：一類是為工程施工配套的全回轉(zhuǎn)、 履帶或輪胎行走的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型液壓挖掘機(jī)， 另一類是面向廣大農(nóng)村市場的低檔配置產(chǎn)品即農(nóng)用挖掘機(jī)或汽車式挖掘機(jī)。三、本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容（提綱）和成果形式：根據(jù)查閱的資料提出若干解決問題的方案并加以討論。進(jìn)行小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)老師的要求，做必要的設(shè)計(jì)和繪圖。（ 1）設(shè)計(jì)和校核主要零部件（ 2）繪制總體裝配圖（ 3）繪制重要零部件的零件圖完成設(shè)計(jì)的圖紙。四、擬解

4、決的關(guān)鍵問題：（ 1）設(shè)計(jì)和校核主要零部件（ 2）零部件尺寸、參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)（ 3）裝配部位的結(jié)構(gòu)形式.任務(wù)書1. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的目的：挖掘機(jī)被譽(yù)為 工程機(jī)械之王 , 廣泛應(yīng)用于土石方工程、市政工程、路面修復(fù)、農(nóng)田改造、混凝土破碎、管道鋪設(shè)、園林栽培及河溝清淤等基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)中。在充分了有解和認(rèn)識已的小型履帶式挖掘機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，對其進(jìn)行機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。2. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求：1、翻譯一篇與挖掘機(jī)有關(guān)的英文文獻(xiàn)，不少于5000 字2、了解履帶式挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程和主要形式3、認(rèn)識履帶式挖掘機(jī)的主要工作原理.4、設(shè)計(jì)和校核主要零部件3. 主要參考文獻(xiàn)：1 張宏 , 張箭 .國內(nèi)外小型挖掘機(jī)發(fā)展綜

5、述 j. 工程機(jī)械 . 2007(04)2 張銀南 , 凌勇堅(jiān) .履帶式挖掘機(jī)行走和回轉(zhuǎn)液壓控制系統(tǒng) j. 機(jī)械研究與應(yīng)用 . 2005(06)3 田奇 , 馬鵬飛 . 液壓挖掘機(jī)發(fā)展概況 j. 筑路機(jī)械與施工機(jī)械化 . 2000(03)4 陳進(jìn) , 慶飛 , 龐曉平 .基于組合挖掘的反鏟液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)j.浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) ( 工學(xué)版 ). 2014(09)英文文獻(xiàn)about hydraulic excavatorthe hydraulic excavator plays a great role as representatives of engineering machinery

6、products in the social construction, which is widely used in the working strength, the construction quality and improved labor productivity having a very significant role, especially fully hydraulic excavator. it is the key factor that excavator working device performance decide to work efficiency.

7、its design directly determines the level of performance of the excavator. the machine is a typical work device according to mechanical and hydraulic components. from thetwo aspects of comprehensive consideration undoubtedly, improving its performance is reasonable and method of wisdom.hydraulic syst

8、em and power system are the most important hydraulic excavator, its core system is the biggest in the cost of the proportion. hydraulic system is as a transmission and energy distribution system to determine the driver most of the operating experience directly. currently mainly focuse on industry in

9、 hydraulic system in several aspects of the role in excavators:(1) the handling characteristics and flow distribution;(2) saving energy；(3) the energy density and reliability.a complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control compo

10、nents, auxiliary components (annex) and the hydraulic oil.the role of dynamic components is the original motivation of the mechanical energy into fluid pressure energy, the hydraulic system of pumps, which provide power to the entire hydraulic system. structure of hydraulic pumps generally have gear

11、 pumps, vane pumps and piston pumps.implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors)is to pressure the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a linear reciprocating movement or rotational movement.control components (ie all kinds of hydrauli

12、c valves) in the hydraulic system control and regulation of fluid pressure, flow and direction. according to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. pressure control valve is divided into benefi

13、ts flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure switch, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting valves, flow diversion valve assembly; directional control valve includes a check valve , check valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. under the control of different ways, hydraulic valves can be divided into switching control valves, control valves and the fixed value proportional control valve.auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, quick couplings, high pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure