1、Traditional Chinese musical instruments,Traditional Chinese musical instruments,Guzheng GUQIN Pipa ERHU hulusi,Introduction of Guzheng,The guzheng, or gu zheng (Chinese: 古箏; pinyin: gzhng) or zheng (箏) (gu- means “ancient”) is a traditional Chinese musical instrument. It belongs to the zither（箏） fam

2、ily of string （弦）instruments.,History of Guzheng,The guzheng has existed since the Warring States Period（戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期） and became especially popular during the Qin dynasty. The ancient guzheng had 12 strings, which gradually evolved into it current forms. The guzheng is tuned to a pentatonic scale（五聲音階）, th

3、e 16-string zheng is tuned to give three complete octaves（八度）, while the 21-string zheng has four complete octaves.,Tips,Pentatonic scale（五聲音階）: 宮(gng)=Do 商 (shng)=Re 角 (ju)=Mi 徵 (zh)=Sol 羽 (y)=La,琴韻,The guqin (helpinfo) (Chinese: 古琴; pinyin: gqn; literally “ancient stringed-instrument”) is the mode

4、rn name for a plucked （撥絃）seven-string Chinese musical instrument.,Guqin,The difference betweenGuqin and Guzheng,The guzheng should not to be confused with the guqin, another ancient Chinese zither but without bridges（箏碼）.,Introduction of PIPA,The Pipa is a four-stringed Chinese instrument, belongin

5、g to the plucked category of instruments (彈撥樂器).,Tone colour（音色）: clear and melodious（旋律優(yōu)美）,Sometimes called the Chinese lute(古琵琶), the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 1226 .,The History of PIPA,The PIPA appeared in the Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BC)

6、and was developed during the Han Dynasty. The PIPA became a favorite in the Tang Dynasty It is one of the most popular Chinese instruments and has been played for nearly two thousand years in China.,Pipa with Chinese poesy,大絃嘈嘈如急雨: The bold strings rattled like splatters of sudden rain, 小絃切切如私語: The

7、 fine strings hummed like lovers whispers. 嘈嘈切切錯(cuò)雜彈: Chattering and pattering, pattering and chattering, 大珠小珠落玉盤: As pearls, large and small, on a jade plate fall.,By Bai Juyi,Introduction of Erhu,The erhu (Chinese: 二胡; pinyin: rh), sometimes known in the West as the “Chineseviolin”or“ Chinese two st

8、ring fiddle”, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo(獨(dú)奏) instrument as well as in small ensembles（合奏） and large orchestras（樂團(tuán)）.,The erhu can be traced back to instruments introduced into china more than a thousand years ago. It is believed to evolved from the xiqin(奚琴），which was

9、described as a foreign , two-stringed lute in yueshu(樂書)，an encyclopedic work on music ，written by music theorist Chen Yang （陳旸）in the Northern Song Dynasty.,History of Erhu,Introduction of Hulusi,Introduction of Hulusi,The hulusi (simplified: 葫蘆絲; pinyin: hls) is a free reed wind instrument from Ch

10、ina. It is held vertically and has three bamboo pipes which pass through a gourd（葫蘆） wind chest; one pipe has finger holes and the other two are drone pipes.,cucurbit flute,Present Situation,Although the hulusi is still predominantly performed in China, it has in recent years been adopted by Europea

11、n composers and performers. Rohan Leach from England; Rapheal De Cock from Belgium and Herman Witkam from the Netherlands have all taken the instrument in new directions.,Top 10 Ancient Chinese Classical Music,Mighty Mountain and Flowing River (Gao Shan Liu Shui，高山流水) Guang ling San 廣陵散 Wild Geese (Ping Sha Luo Yan 平沙落雁) Mei Flower (Mei Hua San Nong 梅花三弄) Besieged (Shi Mian Mai Fu 十面埋伏) Sunset (Xi Yang Xiao Gu夕陽簫鼓) Conversation between a fisherman and a woodman (Yu Qiao Wen Da漁樵問答 ) Home Return (Hu Jia Shi Ba Pai胡笳十八拍) Autumn Moon in the Han Palace (Han Gong Qiu Yue漢宮秋月) Sunny Spring