1、知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,第二部分語法考點(diǎn)講練,冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Ar-ticle)和定冠詞(The Definite Article)兩種。a,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,和an是不定冠詞,a用在輔音音素開頭的單詞之前,如a book, a man; an用在元音音素開頭的單詞之前,如an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠詞。冠詞是歷年來的考查重點(diǎn),著重考查以下幾個方面:(1)冠詞的基本用法,即泛指、類指和特指,如泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞、the +單數(shù)名詞

2、表示類指等;(2)冠詞的活用,如the older of the two表示“兩個之中較年老的一個”;(3)冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配,如in order, on the Internet等。,考點(diǎn)1不定冠詞的用法,1.指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a和an的基本用法。如:,Please pass me an orange.請給我一個橙子。,There is a park on the corner of the street.在這條街的拐角處有個公園。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,2.不定冠詞用在人名前,表示說話者對此人不認(rèn)識,相當(dāng)于a certain,也可以指與某人名有類似性質(zhì)的人或物。如:,A

3、Tom is looking for you. 一個叫湯姆的人正在找你。,3.表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。如:,I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.我有一張嘴,一個鼻子和兩只眼睛。,4.用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹,a +抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,It is an honour for me to attend the party. 參加這個聚會對我來說是一種榮譽(yù)。,5.用在帶有修飾詞的、表示三餐飯的名詞之前,表示“一頓的早/午/晚餐”等。如:,Helen likes to have a quick brea

4、kfast. 海倫早餐喜歡吃快餐。,注意:在餐名前通常不用冠詞。但由于受定語quick的影響,其前要用不定冠詞,表示“某種”。此時的不定冠詞通常有“a kind of” 之意。,6.用在 “a most + adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“很”,其中most用來加強(qiáng),知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,語氣,表示“很;極其;非常”。如:,Its a most important meeting, and everyone must attend it. 這是一次非常重要的會議,每個人都必須參加。,7.用在序數(shù)詞之前,表示“又一;再一”。如:,Would you like a second cup of tea? 你想

5、再來一杯茶嗎?,8.用在一些固定搭配之中。如:,as a rule, as a whole, all of a sudden, dream a.dream, for a while, get in a word, in a hurry, have / take a rest, keep an eye on, in a way, lend a,hand, live a.life, make a living, make a promise, make an apology, make an effort, make it a rule, once in a while, pay a visit

6、to等。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,考點(diǎn)2定冠詞的用法,1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:,Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中國的首都。,The pen on the desk is mine.桌子上的筆是我的。,2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:,Open the window, please.請把窗子打開。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,3.指上文提過的人或事物(第二次出現(xiàn))。如:,On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.椅子上坐著一位年輕的女士, 懷里抱著個嬰兒

7、。,4.用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如:,the sun太陽, the sky天空, the moon月亮, the earth地球等。,5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。(副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略) 。 如:,Thats the second thing Ive been looking for.那是我要找的第二件東,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,西。,Harry is the tallest in his class.哈里是班上最高的學(xué)生。,6.表示所有, 相當(dāng)于物主代詞, 用在表示身體部位的名詞前。如:,She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。,7.用在某些專有名詞前(

8、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞)。如:the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum等。,8.用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps等。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,9.用在表示樂器的名詞之前。如:,She plays the piano.她會彈鋼琴。,10.表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:,The Bushes are at home to receive visitors today. 布什一家今天在家接待客人。,11.用在形容詞前, 表某一類人。如:the living

9、, the dead, the rich, the poor, the wounded, the sick等。,12.用在慣用語中:,by the way, go to the theatre, in the day, in the dark, in the end, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the morning, in the rain, in the sky, the day after tomorrow, the next morning, on the whole等。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,考點(diǎn)3零冠詞(即不用冠詞)的用法,1.專

10、有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。,Apples are usually sold by weight.蘋果通常按重量賣。,2.名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞時,不用冠詞。如:,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,Go down this street.沿著這條街走。,3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時,不用冠詞。如:,We are students. 我們是學(xué)生。,I like reading stories.我

11、喜歡看故事。,4.在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前, 不用冠詞。如:Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in sum-mer, in July等。,We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,課。,5.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前, 尤其作表語、賓補(bǔ)時,不用冠詞。如:,Whats the matter, Daddy?怎么了, 爸爸?,We elected Helen monitor.我們選海倫當(dāng)班長。,6.表示獨(dú)一無二的職位、職務(wù)的名詞用作表語、同位

12、語或補(bǔ)足語時, 名詞前不用冠詞。常見的名詞有:president, chairman, mayor, head, boss, secretary, leader, monitor, professor等。如:,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,The guards took the American to General White.士兵們把這個美國人送到懷特將軍那里。,7.在三餐飯、科目、球類運(yùn)動前不用冠詞。如:,We are going to play football.我們打算去踢足球。,We usually have lunch at school.我們打算常在學(xué)校吃午飯。,We learn Chi

13、nese, maths, English and some other subjects. 我們學(xué)漢語、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和其他學(xué)科。,8.當(dāng)兩個名詞指同一個人或物時, 后面的名詞前不用冠詞。如:The,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,teacher and writer has come to the meeting.那個老師兼作家已來到會議現(xiàn)場。,9.當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用, 表示一種方式時, 中間不用冠詞。如:by bus乘公共汽車, by train乘火車等。,10.在as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝分句中, 名詞前不用冠詞。如:,Child as / though Tim is, you cant f

14、ool him. 雖然蒂姆是個孩子, 但你不能欺騙他。,11.在某些習(xí)慣用語中的名詞前不用冠詞。如:at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in,front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,1.(2011新課標(biāo)全國)It is generally accepted that boy mu

15、st learn to stand up and fight like man.,A.a; aB.a; the,C.the; the D.a; 不填,【答案與解析】A句意:人們普遍認(rèn)為,男孩子必須學(xué)會站起來并像一個男子漢一樣去戰(zhàn)斗。a boy和 a man都是泛指, 表示一類人。因此選A項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,2.(2011全國)As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.,A.the; 不填 B.a; the,C.不填; a D.the; a,【答案與解析】D句意:當(dāng)杰克走到前門時, 他看到了一個奇怪的景象。the front door

16、是特指杰克所走過去的門, a strange sight是泛指, 相當(dāng)于a certain sight,起初次介紹的作用。因此選D項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,3.(2011山東)Take your timeits just short distance from here to restaurant.,A.不填; theB.a; the,C.the; a D.不填; a,【答案與解析】B句意:別急從這兒到餐館只不過很短的一段距離而已。a short distance“短距離”,是固定短語;the restaurant指雙方都知道的餐館, 故用the表特指。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,4.(2011浙江

17、)Experts think that recently discovered painting may be Picasso.,A.the; 不填 B.a; the,C.a; 不填 D.the; a,【答案與解析】D句意:專家認(rèn)為, 最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的那幅油畫可能是畢加索的作品。the painting特指最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的那幅油畫;a Picasso意為a Picassos painting, 泛指畢加索的一件作品, 有one的含義。因此選D項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,5.(2011四川)Dr Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth

18、of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cam-bridge.”,A.不填; A B.不填; The,C.the; The D.a; A,【答案與解析】A句意:校長彼特思朋斯告訴我們:“這里有五分之一的學(xué)生將到牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)”。headmaster“校長”, 職務(wù)前面不加冠詞;a fifth表示五分之一。因此選A項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,6.(2011重慶)In communication, a smile is usually strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.,A.the; 不

19、填 B.a; an,C.a; 不填 D.the; an,【答案與解析】C句意:在交流中, 微笑通常是一種友好和開放態(tài)度的有力標(biāo)志。a 用在可數(shù)名詞sign前, 泛指一個標(biāo)志;friendly 和 open 是并列的兩個形容詞, 修飾attitude。因此選C項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,7.(2011陜西)As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.,A.the; 不填 B.不填; the,C.the; the D.不填; 不填,【答案與解析】C句意:眾所周知, 中華人民共和國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家。第一個定冠詞the用在表示國家的名詞前;第二個定冠詞the用在有形容詞最高級修飾的名詞前。因此選C項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,8.(2011江西)Its said John will be in a job paying ove