1、一、Place a “T” before sentences that are true and an “F” before those that are false ( F )1、The treatments that alter the surfaces including hardening treatments, high-energy processes and special treatments.( F )2、The lathe bed is the main frame, involved a horizontal beam on two vertical supports.

2、It is usually made of grey or nodular cast iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting. ( )3、In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation. ( )4、Nitriding is somewhat similar to ordinary case hardening

3、, but it uses a different material and treatment to create the hard surface constituents. ( F )5、The lathe is often called the father of the entire machine family.( F )6、Jigs and fixtures are just the same which is used to lacate and clamp a workpiece.( )7、Milling machine can not be used to produce

4、a hole.( )8、The dividing head is a device used to divide the diameter of a piece of workpiece into any number of equal parts.( F )9、The parts program was now run from the computers menmory instead of from a tape that had to be rewound.( F )10、In FMS, the production of part is controlled with the aid

5、 of a central computer.( F )11、An HSS tool is usually made in the form of a single piece, contrary to cemented carbides or ceramic, which are made in the form of tips. The latter is brazed or mechanically fastened to steel shanks( F )12、Cutoff tools, which are sometimes called parting tools, serves

6、to separate the workpiece into parts and/or machine external annular grooves.( )13、Some of the useful properties of ceramics and glasses include high melting temperature, low density, high strength, stiffness, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. ( )14、Hardening is the process of hea

7、ting a piece of steel to a temperature within or above its critical range and then cooling it rapidly. ( )15、The primary purpose of annealing is to soften hard steel so that it may be machined or cold worked( F )16、The major influence on surface finish are exerted by the feed rate and cutting speed.

8、 As the feed decreases, from the above equations, we can see that the roughness index decreases. ( )17、The continuous chip is characterized by a general flow of the separated metal along the tool face. There may be some cracking of the chip, but in this case it usually does not extend far enough to

9、cause fracture.( )18、The lathe bed is the main frame, involving a horizontal beam on two vertical supports. It is usually made of grey or nodular cast iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting. ( )19、The carriage can be moved either manually or mechanically by means of the apron and either the

10、feed rod or the lead screw.( F )20、There is a wide variety of milling cutter shapes. Each of them are designed to perform effectively a specific milling operation.二、Translation (1) Translate the following words into English1、平面銑刀： Plain milling cutter 2、磨削： Grinding 3、主軸箱: Headstock 4、自動(dòng)車(chē)床: Automati

11、c lathes 5、基軸制: a shaft-basis system 6、麻花鉆： twist drill 7、逆銑: up milling 8、螺栓： bolt 9、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝：Computer Aided Process Planning 10、齒輪： gear 11、塑性變形：Plastic deformation 12、纖維加強(qiáng)型復(fù)合材料：Fiber-reinforced composites 13、退火：Annealing 14、回火：Tempering 15、前角： Rake angle 16、進(jìn)給率： Feed rate 17、表面光潔度：Surface Finish 1

12、8、成形刀具：Form tools 19、端面車(chē)削： Facing 20、錐面車(chē)削： Taper turning(2) Translate the following words into Chinese1、Hardening：淬火 2、clearance fits：間隙配合 3、Taper turning：錐面車(chē)削 4、twist drill：麻花鉆 5、Dimensioning：標(biāo)注尺寸 6、Form milling cutter：成形銑刀 7、Computer Aided Manufacturing：計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造 8、Computer Numerical Control：計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)值控制

13、 9、automatic tool changer：自動(dòng)換刀裝置 10、index head：分度頭 11、Carbonitriding：碳氮共滲 12、Clearance angle：后角 13、Discontinuous Chip：間斷切屑 14、Down milling：順銑 15、T-slot cutter： T型槽銑刀 16、Tailstock 尾架 17、Computer Aided Engineering ：計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程 18、Numercical Control：數(shù)字控制 19、Core drills：空心鉆20、Thread cutting：螺紋切削三、Translate

14、the following texts into English 1、主軸箱：主軸箱固定在車(chē)床床身的左側(cè)，它包括軸線平行于導(dǎo)軌的主軸。主軸通過(guò)裝在主軸箱內(nèi)的齒輪箱驅(qū)動(dòng)。Headstock：The headstock is fixed at the left hand side of the lathe bed and includes the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways (the slide surface of the bed). The spindle is driven through the gearbox, whic

15、h is housed within the headstock. 2、合金是由一種以上金屬組成的混合物。加一些其它金屬能影響密度、強(qiáng)度、斷裂韌性、塑性變形、導(dǎo)電性以及環(huán)境侵蝕。 Alloys are compounds consisting of more than one metal. Adding other metals can affect the density, strength, fracture toughness, plastic deformation, electrical conductivity and environmental degradation. 3、碳氮

16、共滲，有時(shí)也稱(chēng)為干法氰化或滲碳氮化，是一種表面硬化工藝。通過(guò)把鋼放在高于臨界溫度的氣體中，讓它吸收碳和氮。Carbonitriding, sometimes known as dry cyaniding or nicarbing, is a case-hardening process in which the steel is held at a temperature above the critical range in a gaseous atmosphere from which it absorbs carbon and nitrogen.4、材料可以按多種方法分類(lèi)?？茖W(xué)家常根據(jù)狀

17、態(tài)將材料分為：固體、液體或氣體。他們也把材料分為有機(jī)材料(曾經(jīng)有生命的)和無(wú)機(jī)材料(從未有生命的)。 Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.5、連續(xù)切屑：連續(xù)的切屑一般具有分離金屬沿刀具面流動(dòng)的特征。切屑可能有一些破裂，但在

18、這種情況下切屑通常不會(huì)延長(zhǎng)到足以引起斷裂。Continuous chip. The continuous chip is characterized by a general flow of the separated metal along the tool face. There may be some cracking of the chip, but in this case it usually does not extend far enough to cause fracture.6、大拖板：大拖板的主要功能是安裝刀具和產(chǎn)生縱向和/或橫向進(jìn)給。它實(shí)際上是一由車(chē)床床身V形導(dǎo)軌引導(dǎo)的

19、、能在車(chē)床床身主軸箱和尾架之間滑動(dòng)的H形滑塊。The carriage：The main function of the carriage is mounting of the cutting tools and generating longitudinal and/or cross feeds. It is actually an H-shaped block that slides on the lathe bed between the headstock and tailstock while being guided by the V-shaped guideways of the

20、 bed. 四、Translate the following texts into Chinese 1、In this process, metal removal is achieved through combining the rotary motion of the milling cutter and linear motions of the workpiece simultaneously. Milling operations are employed in producing flat, contoured and helical surfaces as well as f

21、or thread- and gear-cutting operation.在銑削工藝中，金屬去除是通過(guò)銑刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和工件的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的組合實(shí)現(xiàn)的。銑削作業(yè)既可用于生成平面、輪廓面和螺旋面，也可用于切削螺紋和齒輪。2、If a shaft, size 1.498-0.003, is to fit a hole of size 1.500+0.003, the minimum size hole is 1.500 and the maximum size shaft is 1.498. Thus the allowance is 0.002 and the maximum clearance i

22、s 0.008 as based on the minimum shaft size and maximum hole dimension. 如果一根尺寸為1.498-0.003的軸與尺寸為1.500+0.003的孔配合，孔的最小尺寸為1.500而軸的最大尺寸為1.498。這樣允差就是0.002，而由最小軸尺寸和最大孔尺寸形成的最大間隙為0.008。3、The metal in front of the tool rake face gets immediately compressed, first elastically and then plastically. This zone is

23、 traditionally called shear zone in view of fact that the material in the final form would be removed by shear from the parent metal. 在刀具前傾面前的金屬直接受到壓縮，首先彈性變形然后塑性變形?？紤]到最終形狀中的材料是通過(guò)剪切從母體金屬去除的，此區(qū)域傳統(tǒng)上稱(chēng)為剪切區(qū)。4、Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines. The latter differ in size and construction. Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe. 鉆削作業(yè)既能采用手鉆也能采用鉆床來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。鉆床在尺寸和結(jié)構(gòu)上雖有差別，然而始終都是切削刀具圍繞自身軸線旋轉(zhuǎn)、工件穩(wěn)固定位的形式。這正好與在