1、The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative 過去分詞作定語和表語,Unit 1 Grammar,a lighted candle,一支點燃的蠟燭,a used stamp,一枚用過的郵票,Translation,a broken coin,一枚破損的硬幣,一名退休教師,a retired teacher,an injured finger,一個受傷的手指,一個醉鬼,a drunken/ drunk man,基本形式和意義,過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式， 表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當定語、 表語、賓語補足語和狀語

2、，不可以單獨構(gòu)成謂語。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”，也有不規(guī)則的形式。,The Past Participle,- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy? - He has got the first prize in the contest. - No wonder he is excited!,Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.,單個過去分詞或由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復合形容詞作定語時，通常置于被修飾的名詞之前；當修飾不定代詞時，放在不定代詞之后。 表示

3、被動或完成意義。,過去分詞作定語,例如： 1) an honored guest a retired teacher 2) Everybody invited is expected to arrive at least 15 minutes early. 3) The Great Wall is a well-known tourist attraction,Leave的過去分詞left表示“剩下的，剩余的”時候，常置于被修飾詞之后。 如： Dont worry. There is half an hour left.,2. 過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。

4、 例如： For breakfast he only drinks juice from the fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 分析：grown on his farm 相當于限定性定語從句 which/ that are grown on his own farm,The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recor

5、ding C. to be recorded D. having recorded 分析： digitally recorded in the studio 相當于非限定性定語從句 which is digitally recorded in the studio,e.g. The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago With the governments aid, those affected by the earthquake have mo

6、ved to the new settlements.,3. 一些不及物動詞也有過去分詞形式。由于不及物動詞不可以直接加賓語，所以其過去分詞作定語時只表示完成，沒有被動意義。 例如： fallen leaves the risen sun the advanced countries a retired teacher newly-arrived goods,動詞-ed形式作定語 和 動詞-ing形式作定語 有什么區(qū)別呢？,1）語態(tài)不同 -ing表主動、進行；-ed表被動、完成,the changing world the changed world,（正在變化的）,（變化了的）,（正在沸騰的

7、),（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）,(正在凋謝的),（已經(jīng)凋謝的）,(發(fā)展中的),（發(fā)達的）,2）時間關(guān)系不同 -ing 表示“正在 進行”或“與謂語動詞同時進行”或“經(jīng)常性”。 -ed 表示動作先于謂語動詞表示的動作。,Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? “Cant you read?”Mary said, angrily pointing to the notice. The house built about 50 years ago was damaged in an earthquake.,3）及物動詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可表示被動

8、, 但-ed表示一個完成了的動作, 而being done多表示一個正在進行的動作。,The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us. The problem being discussed now has something to do with us. The building being built is our library.,The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be f

9、irst played C. first played D. to be playing,考點點撥,簡析: 首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語; 再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 該題應選C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,簡析: 該題應選B。測試過去分詞作后 置定語表達被動, 等于定語從句

10、which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited,簡析: 該題應選A。測試過去分詞作后置 定語表達被動, 等于定語從句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C

11、. having opened D. opened,簡析: 該題應選D。測試過去分詞短語作 定語放在所修飾的名詞后, 可以用非限制 性定語從句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,簡析: 該題應選D。測試過去分詞作后 置定語表達被動, 等于定語從句th

12、at were written。,另外, 分詞作狀語時, 如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時,需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時, 也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語。),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,簡析: 很顯然, 待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands, 而不是句子的主語 The murderer, 而 his hands 對于動詞 tie來說, 只能是被 動承受。

13、因此, 該題應選D。,1. 過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或 所處的狀態(tài)，與被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，主要是 表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，相當于一個形容詞 其前的系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。 如： Everyone present was very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。,過去分詞作表語,過去分詞作表語，強調(diào)主語的特點或狀態(tài)，相當于形容詞； 被動語態(tài)中，句子主語是動作的承受者，后面常跟by。 例如： This shop is closed (狀態(tài)) This shop is close

14、d by the local government. (動作),2. 過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu) 與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別,3.一些表示情感的動詞的過去分詞以及其他一些詞的過去分詞常作表語。除了與be連用之外，也可以與appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem等系動詞連用。,可以用作表語的常見的過去分詞有： connected crowded covered gone tired delighted disappointed upset surprised pleased astonished excited frightened exp

15、erienced interested qualified puzzled exhausted satisfied drunk known married lost separated amused worried broken,Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.,1. 丟了錢他自責不已。 He _ about losing the money. 2. 你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡 得好嗎？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these da

16、ys?,got blamed,look so tired,3. 我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它 能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4. 聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star,was disappointed with,was shocked,5. 要去動物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children _ going to the zoo 6. 他的傷口感染了一種新病毒。 His wou

17、nd _ a new virus,are really excited about,became infected with,1. _ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital. A. An injured, was B. The injured, has C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been,Choose the best answer.,2. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks,3. From the date _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made 500 years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked,4. Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and min