1、簡單句的五種基本類型,句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、 定語、狀語、補語等。 主要成分：主語和謂語,主語:一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。 主語的位置： 一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、 數(shù)詞或相當于名詞的詞、短語等充當。 The school is far from here. 名詞做主語 She goes to school by bike. 代詞做主語 Eight is a lucky number. 數(shù)詞做主語 Predicting the future is interesting. 動名詞做主語 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短語做主語,謂語表示人

2、或事物(主語)的動作 和存在的狀態(tài). 英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞 來充當謂語動詞 句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。 謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加上主要動詞構成。 分析句子的主語和謂語 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner.,表語 用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質、狀態(tài)。 表語的位置 用在動詞be和系動詞的后面。 名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞等 都可以和連系動詞一起構成復合謂語。 Your pen is on the desk.

3、He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot,常見的系動詞 1. be動詞 2. 與感覺有關的動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等 3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等 上述兩類詞作連系動詞時要用形容詞 作表語,千萬不能用副詞。,賓語 是動作的對象或承受者。及物動詞必 須跟賓語. 及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞. 不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞. 賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、 動名詞、從句構成. I saw a plane in the sky ju

4、st now. 名詞做賓語 I want three. 數(shù)詞做賓語 I like going shopping. 動名詞做賓語 We think predicting the future is hard. 賓語從句,賓語補足語（賓補）有些及物動詞除了 要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補足語。 如果沒有補足語(賓補), 有時候句子的意 思就不完整。 充當賓補的有: 1. 形容詞作賓語補足語 The sun keeps us warm. 2. 介詞短語作賓語補足語: I found her in the room.,3. 副詞作賓語補足語。 Please let him in. 4. 名詞作賓語

5、補足語。 We made him monitor of the class. 5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補足語。 I asked him to come.,定語 定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的的) 1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.,2. 名詞作定語: Is it a color film? 名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 如: school bus,ticket office, paper flowers 但也有例外,如: sp

6、orts meeting, clothes shop man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復數(shù),它們總以復數(shù)的形式作定語,如: men drivers , women doctors,3. 代詞作定語:This song is better than that one. 4. 數(shù)詞作定語:There are only thirty students in our class. 帶有數(shù)字的復合形容詞.當復合形容詞用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式. a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy,5. 副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后): Do you know

7、the young man over there? 6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后): The students in our class like swimming.,狀語 修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句, 用以說明地點, 時間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結果, 條件, 讓步等 1. 副詞作狀語: The old man is walking slowly. 表方式 The boy is very clever. 表程度 2. 介詞短語作狀語: I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表時間,3. 不定式作狀語 I come h

8、ere to see you. 表目的 4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式 5. 狀語從句 Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,狀語的位置 1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。 We like our school very much. 2.為了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首. I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight. 3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usual

9、ly, often, hardly, never, 用于行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞后,I usually get up early. He is often late. 一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末 only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同. The actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song.

10、The actor sang only one song.,兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序 1. 地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在后.(先時間后地點） We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow. 2. 較小單位的狀語在前,(由小到大) Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu. 3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night,時間和地點狀語也可以位于句首,

11、 表示強調或使上下文更為連貫 Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.,預備知識,Subject主語?,Predicate謂語?,Object賓語?,Predicative 表語?,Full Verb 實義行為 動詞?,Link Verb 連系動詞?,“簡單句”,休要擔心少要害怕- 簡單句（Simple Sentences） 就是只包含一個主謂結構的句子 -它的結構就是這么簡單,所以才叫簡單句的啊! 英語中千變萬化的句子歸根結底都是由簡單句的五種基本句型組合、擴

12、展、變化而來的,只要把這些基本句型弄清楚,你就會游刃有余了!-呵呵,就像俺這樣:,Practice makes perfect! -熟能生巧,按結構分 一個完整的簡單句由 “主語部分+謂語部分”構成 The man is a teacher. 主語部分 謂語部分 He works hard. 主語部分 謂語部分 He teaches English well. 主語部分 謂語部分,造句的關鍵就在于動詞 一般而言,每個句子都應該有個動詞( 除了省略句外 ),動詞,連系動詞 主要動詞 行為動詞 助動詞 輔助動詞 情態(tài)動詞,be (am is are was were) / seem / keep

13、是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去) become / turn / get / grow 變得,不及物動詞 laugh / smlie / look / listen 及物動詞 see / hear / drank / eat,be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to,can / may / must / shall / need could / should

14、/ would / might have (has) to / had better,系動詞,be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去) become / turn / get / grow / 變得,表語:表示主語是什么(身份)或者怎么樣(處于什么狀態(tài))。 由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當。 和系動詞一起構成謂語,也就是說: 連系動詞后面的就/才是表語!,He is a boy. She is a girl

15、. They are students. They are good. He looks / seems ill. The apple tastes nice. Trees turn green. Your idea sounds good.,主語 系動詞 表語,連系動詞,主系表結構（S+V+P） 主語+系動詞+表語,Mr. Li is a good teacher.,The movie is interesting/wonderful.,He feels hungry.,The flower looks beautiful.,主語Subject : 表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”

16、。 也就是動作的發(fā)出者。 一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞、代詞的詞或短語等充當。,謂語Predicate : 說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。 謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）用動詞。,賓語Object : 表示動作、行為的對象。 也就是動作的接受者。 一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語等充當。,狗 咬 人 。 主語 謂語 賓語,人 咬 狗 。 主語 謂語 賓語,及物動詞是后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bre

17、ad every day. He drank a glass of milk just now. 不及物動詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語,就要靠一個介詞來幫助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.,什么是及物動詞和不及物動詞呢?!,The doctor

18、 listened carefully.,The worker ran fast.,The boy is fishing.,The girl dances well.,The duck is swimming.,The woman walks slowly.,主謂結構（S+V） 主語+謂語動詞,不及物動詞,He likes basketball game.,He plays computer games every day.,He played soccer yesterday.,He is playing the guitar now.,及物動詞,主謂賓結構（S+V+O） =主語+謂語+賓語

19、,有些詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，那就要看意思上的區(qū)別了：,他們放風箏。 They fly the kites.,風箏在天上飛。 The kites fly in the sky.,He gave me a present.,She teaches us. She teaches English.,She teaches us English.,She told me a story.,及物動詞,主謂雙賓結構（S+V+Oi+Od） =主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語,可以用于這種句式的動詞主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut /choose / cook / fi

20、nd / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改為for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book. 也可以改為 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me.,主謂賓賓補結構

21、（S+V+O+O.C） =主語+謂語+賓語+賓語的補足語,He told me to clean my room.,I saw her dancing.,Our teacher asks us to read English every day.,及物動詞,可以用于這種句式的動詞主要有,let / make sb. do sth.,ask / tell / want / allow / wish / get / sb. to do sth. expect / encourage / invite / teach,find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel

22、 sb. do sth. sb. doing sth.,help sb. (to) do sth.,hope和welcome 比較特殊我們可以說: I hope to visit your school. I hope that you can visit our school. I wish you to visit our school. Welcome to visit our school. You are welcome to visit our school. Welcome to our school. 但不可以說：I hope / welcome you to visit ou

23、r school.,1 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (_語) (_詞) (_語) The girl is very good. (_語) (_詞) (_語) 2 主謂型 _式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_詞) _式: I bought a new bike. He plays volleyball. (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語) (_詞) (_語) _式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語) (_語