1、（3）英文書信的組成部分 規(guī)范的英文書信主要由以下六個部分和兩個附加部分組成：1信頭（Heading） 列出寄信人的地址和寫信日期2信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address） 列出收信人的姓名和地址3稱呼（Salutation） 對目標(biāo)讀者對象的稱謂4正文（Body） 信函的主體內(nèi)容5. 結(jié)束語 ( Complimentary Close) 如：Yours truly, Yours sincerely 等6. 簽名（The Signature） 簽名落款7. 附言 （Postscript） 如需補充內(nèi)容，可使用此項8. 附件注明 （Enclosed mark） 如信內(nèi)附有其他文件，需在信末左下方

2、寫上“Encl”（4）?？紩蓬愖魑募皩懽鞣椒?建議信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 說明針對什么事情提出建議； 就所提出的事件，給出建議，并陳述利弊，說明原因； 希望自己的建議能有所幫助。參考范文Dear Mary,I am delighted to learn that you will graduate from the university very soon. Last time you asked me for some advice as to your personal choice before graduation. Now I am writing to put forward so

3、me proposals as to this issue. In my opinion, it will be a better choice for you to further your study after graduation because higher degree will make you more competitive in the job market in the days to come. On the other hand, it will greatly broaden your vision and enrich your life experience,

4、which is beneficial to your further development. That is all that I want to tell you.At last, I do hope that you will find my proposals constructive and I am looking forward to your early response.Sincerely yours Li Ming 感謝信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 交代因何事表示感謝； 敘述需要感謝的理由； 再次表示感謝。參考范文Dear Sir,I am a citizen of Sweden

5、, now on a tour in China. Today, I am writing to extend my sincere thank to Li Ming, a schoolboy of Junior 2 of your school.This is the first time that I am in your beautiful country. Naturally, everything is interesting and strange to me. Yesterday when I visited Yuelu Hill, I was greatly fascinate

6、d by the beautiful scenery of it. Upon my arrival back at the hotel, I suddenly found my handbag was missing. I was very worried, fearing that it was impossible for me to recover it. Later, a child came to my room, with a bag in his hand. At once I recognized it was mine. At that moment, I could fin

7、d no words to express my gratitude for what he did for me. It is his unselfishness that makes me have a better understanding of friendliness of the Chinese people. Again, I want to take this opportunity to show my heart-felt gratitude for him and he is the pride of your school. Yours respectfully, L

8、i Ming 申請信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 說明寫作意圖，提出要求 說明和解釋申請原因 向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x，并期望得到答復(fù)參考范文Dear Sir,I am Li Ming, one of the graduates of 2010 of Beijing University and I am keenly interested in the post of salesman you have advertised in China Daily this morning. Personally, I think my major and my practical experience particul

9、arly match the requirements of this position. First of all, as far as my educational background is concerned, I am fully qualified for this position. I major in marketing and will graduate from Beijing University soon and obtain my B. A. degree. Whats important is that, during the four academic year

10、s, I participated in all kinds of promotion activities, which has greatly enriched my experience in marketing. At last, I would be most grateful if you can take my application into a favorable consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 投訴信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 交代所要投訴的事情，說明不

11、滿的理由； 說明所投訴之事對你的生活、學(xué)習(xí)帶來的不便； 提出公平的解決方案參考范文Dear Editor,I have been one of the faithful readers of your newspaper and now I am writing to inform you of my unpleasant experience in our city last week. Last Monday I bought a dictionary in the biggest bookstore of our city. But when I came back home, I fo

12、und that the dictionary had lost several pages. In such a case, I have to go back to the bookstore and asked them to replace for me. To my surprise, the shop assistant turned down my request rudely. As a person who loves this city, I want to say that what they did not only disappoints the consumers,

13、 but also does great harm to the reputation of the city. So, I hope that your newspaper will appeal to the departments concerned to pay more attention to the quality of the service for the consumers. Yours sincerely Li Ming 詢問信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 告知你的身份并交代希望對方提供哪方面的信息或幫助； 詳細闡明希望獲得的信息或幫助； 向收信人致謝，并表達盼望得到答復(fù)的愿望。參

14、考范文Dear Sir,My name is Li Ming, a senior student in Nanchang University of China. I wonder if you could send me some information concerning the requirements of your university for the international students.I would like to further my study in your prestigious university after graduation in June. As

15、scheduled, I will have finished my undergraduate studies here in Nanchang in June and I show a keen interest in the Department of Biology of your university because it boasts the very strong teaching staff and research facilities. I want to know how I can be admitted by the Department of Biology of

16、your university and its requirements for the students from foreign countries. I would be grateful if you can send me some materials regarding the points mentioned above. Thank you in advance.Sincerely yours, Li Ming 致歉信A: 基本框架設(shè)計 表明對何事進行道歉; 解釋事情發(fā)生的具體原因; 提出補救的辦法和方案, 再次表示歉意，請求諒解.參考范文Dear David,I cant g

17、o to the airport and meet you tomorrow. Please accept my sincere apology for that.Originally, I planned to meet you in person at the airport. But unfortunately, I am informed today that I have to attend an important business meeting tomorrow and this meeting is related to the project which I am in c

18、harge of. So I cant go to the airport and meet you in person as promised. I do apologize for that. Being unfamiliar with our city, please wait for me at the gate of the airport and Ill go there as quickly as possible after the meeting. You can drink some coffee in KFC while waiting for me. Im sorry

19、again for the inconvenience caused.Yours, Li Ming2）告示類應(yīng)用文告示類應(yīng)用文是指將某一特殊事情以告示或通知的形式及時告知有關(guān)人員。告示或通知有一定的格式，語言要求言簡意賅，具體的事件、時間、地點都要交代清楚。請看如下的例子。 招聘志愿者的通知NoticeDear schoolmates, As part of the activities of the Project Hope, we will organize several groups of students from different departments to help the

20、children with their studies in the western part of our country from July 15 to August 15. Those who are voluntary to offer their help should enroll their names to the Students Union before June 25. We strongly believe that the volunteers will benefit a lot from this activity. Students Union May 4，20

21、11 英語考試增加口語考試通知NoticeCollege Students,Attention, please. In order to improve students oral English, an oral test will be added to the mid-term English examination. The requirements for this test will include the following items:First of all, you will be required to read aloud some of the texts, part

22、ly assigned by the teacher during the test. In addition, you may be asked to answer some questions about the texts raised by the teacher during the test. Lastly, some oral translation exercises will also be included in the oral test. The scores of this test will be 15% of the total marks of the mid-

23、term examination. Please get ready for it. English DepartmentMay 12, 2011 航班延誤通知NoticeLadies and gentlemen,All flights this morning are put off because of the thick fog. As there is no wind, the weatherman is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We can do nothing but wait. Please keep order, t

24、ake good care of your baggage and dont leave the waiting room.For passengers retained at the airport, lunch is free. It will be served in the dinning hall on the second floor from eleven. By the way, no planes will arrive in an hour. As soon as the weather turns favorable, we shall announce flights.

25、3）摘要摘要是以提供論文內(nèi)容梗概為目的, 不加評論和補充解釋, 簡明、確切地記敘論文重要內(nèi)容的短文。其作用是便于讀者用最短時間掌握信息, 了解研究工作或論文的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果, 從而決定是否需要詳讀全文。在知識和信息加速度增長的今天,摘要的重要性更為突出: 既為讀者閱覽起引導(dǎo)作用, 更為文獻匯編、計算機儲存和檢索做好準(zhǔn)備,成為科技信息的重要來源。（1）摘要寫作的常備句型 This thesis analyzes /deals with /discusses _ . This article focuses on the topic of _ . This paper elaborates on

26、_ . This paper offers the latest information regarding _. The writer of this essay tries to explore _. The aim / purpose of this paper is to _ . This article compares A with B and summarizes the key findings about _.（2）大綱樣題Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80

27、-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)經(jīng)濟全球化的主要原因20世紀(jì)50年代初以來，經(jīng)濟全球化獲得迅猛發(fā)展。簡單歸納，其原因主要包括以下幾個方面：全球化的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。科技進步為全球化快速發(fā)展提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)手段。科技革命是經(jīng)濟全球化發(fā)展的最根本的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和動力，歷史上歷次科技革命都促進了社會生產(chǎn)力的飛躍發(fā)展，同時也促進了整個世界的融合。20世紀(jì)50年代以電子技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)等為主要標(biāo)志的新的科技革命的興起，使科技日益成為社會生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的先導(dǎo)，成為影響生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的至關(guān)重要的因素?？萍贾R在社會生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域中得到廣泛傳播和運用，勞動者的智

28、能和技能得到進一步的開發(fā)，創(chuàng)造出越來越多的物質(zhì)和精神財富，極大地促進了世界生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，生產(chǎn)社會化程度日益提高，國際分工日益深化，各國經(jīng)濟以此為基礎(chǔ)緊密相聯(lián)，世界經(jīng)濟進入一個全新的繁榮時期。同時，新科技革命使得科技成果積累的速度大大加快，新材料、新產(chǎn)品不斷涌現(xiàn)，大量高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷產(chǎn)生，在世界范圍內(nèi)促進了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)移，新的產(chǎn)業(yè)布局開始形成。以信息技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)為主導(dǎo)，以高新技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)部門蓬勃興起并迅速發(fā)展，快速取代了傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)而逐漸成為經(jīng)濟的主導(dǎo)部門推進的重要動力源。全球化的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。市場經(jīng)濟體制的強勢地位不斷增強，跨國公司的突飛發(fā)展，國際經(jīng)濟組織的不斷完善為經(jīng)濟全球化奠定的堅實的經(jīng)

29、濟基礎(chǔ)。首先，市場經(jīng)濟體制成為世界各國發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的首選。20世紀(jì)80年代末至90年代初，世界形勢發(fā)生了重大變化，東歐劇變，蘇聯(lián)解體，40多年的冷戰(zhàn)格局最終結(jié)束。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，國際形勢總體上走上緩和。各國紛紛把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟列為首要目標(biāo)，普遍擴大了對外開放，和平與發(fā)展成為當(dāng)今時代的兩大主題。前蘇聯(lián)和東歐國家先后走上了向市場經(jīng)濟過渡的軌道，改行自由市場經(jīng)濟，并積極致力于融入西方經(jīng)濟體系。中國在長期的實踐中，也逐漸認(rèn)識到計劃經(jīng)濟的不足和弊端，自1978年起開始實行以市場為導(dǎo)向的、全面的經(jīng)濟改革，大力推行對外開放，努力實現(xiàn)同世界經(jīng)濟的接軌，目前已成為世界經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。這一切都說明，市場經(jīng)濟體制己成為不同制

30、度、不同發(fā)展層次國家的共同選擇，市場經(jīng)濟己基本實現(xiàn)了全球化，經(jīng)濟全球化是以市場為基礎(chǔ)的，沒有市場經(jīng)濟就沒有生產(chǎn)要素在國際間的自由流動，就談不上經(jīng)濟全球化。其次，力量不斷壯大的跨國公司成為經(jīng)濟全球化的中堅力量?？鐕臼且员緡鳛榛?，通過對外直接投資，在世界各地設(shè)立分支機構(gòu)和子公司，從事國際化生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營的企業(yè)?？鐕緫{借其雄厚的經(jīng)濟實力和靈活的經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略，以全球為工廠，以它所在的各個國家為車間，在全球范圍內(nèi)充分利用各地的優(yōu)勢組織生產(chǎn)和流通，通過自己廣泛的經(jīng)營活動，實現(xiàn)了商品和資本等生產(chǎn)要素在全球范圍內(nèi)的整合，促進了生產(chǎn)在國家間的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切聯(lián)系在一起，從而為經(jīng)濟全球化的發(fā)展打下

31、了堅實的微觀基礎(chǔ)，并成為經(jīng)濟全球化的主要推動力量和主要載體。最后國際經(jīng)濟組織是經(jīng)濟全球化發(fā)展的組織保障。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后，生產(chǎn)力的不斷提高，生產(chǎn)的國際化使得越來越多的商品、資本、勞動進入國際交流，各國的國際分工和相互依賴性不斷增強。這種日益增強的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系要求突破原有的國家間的障礙，實現(xiàn)全球范圍內(nèi)的更高層次的經(jīng)濟合作，這就要求有超脫于國家之外的國際經(jīng)濟組織發(fā)揮重要作用。戰(zhàn)后，國際經(jīng)濟組織作用日益明顯，國際經(jīng)濟協(xié)作不斷加強。在當(dāng)今國際經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中，世行、世貿(mào)組織、國際貨幣基金組織等世界性經(jīng)濟組織的調(diào)節(jié)作用越來越大，而且還表現(xiàn)出進一步增強的趨勢。世貿(mào)組織(WTO)所制定的關(guān)于貿(mào)易、投資等方面的制度和規(guī)則，

32、成為規(guī)范全球經(jīng)濟運行，創(chuàng)造自由公平競爭環(huán)境和統(tǒng)一制度和規(guī)則。作為世界金融領(lǐng)域的重要國際組織，即國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）和世界銀行(WB)也在國際金融全球化進程中扮演了重要的角色。這些國際經(jīng)濟組織的成立使得國際貿(mào)易和國際金融運行有了統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則，對成員國的經(jīng)貿(mào)活動和經(jīng)濟行為起著協(xié)調(diào)和規(guī)范作用，這些都為經(jīng)濟全球化的發(fā)展起著制度保障作用。參考范文The Main Causes for Economic GlobalizationThe pace of the economic globalization has been quickening since the early 1950s. In ge

33、neral, it can be mainly attributed to the two major factors: the technology foundation and economic base. On the one hand, the rapid development of science and technology has equipped the rapid growth of globalization with material foundation and technical passports. On the other hand, the dominatin

34、g status of the market economic system is constantly enhanced, international corporations are undergoing robust development and the international economic organizations are continuously perfected, which has laid a solid foundation for the ongoing trend of economic globalization. (94 words)附：摘要常用寫作模板

35、Abstract 1This article explores the major contributing factors of _. These factors fall into two aspects: _ and _. In the former aspect, _. In the latter aspect,_. All these lead to _.Abstract 2This article focuses on the topic of _. It first reviews _ Then, it discusses that_ After that, it analyze

36、s_. Hence, a conclusion can be drawn from the article that_.Abstract 3This article elaborates on _. At the very beginning of the article, the author first introduces_, which _. The author then enumerates_. Consequently, we can arrive at a conclusion that _. Abstract 4Recently, the problem of _ is an

37、 acute issue for the cities, especially for _. In general, there are several reasons for it. Firstly, _. Secondly, _. Finally, _. Finally, the authors put forward some proposals concerning the solution of this problem. 摘要短文賞析：(1) Psychological Problems of College StudentsThis article analyzes the di

38、fferences of college students psychological problems in different grades. Firstly, the main problem for freshmen is that they find college lives hard to fit in with, which could be manifested by the fact that they could not accommodate themselves to the changes of living environment and the transfor

39、mation of roles, the study lives on campus as well as the brand-new interpersonal relationships. Secondly, a variety of psychological problems occur in the second grade on account of the study pressures which could cause anxiety and the individual character differences which give rise to the clashes

40、 with others. Thirdly, students in the third year are vulnerable to such situations as realizing the gap between personal ability and ideal, or facing emotional distress. Fourthly, pushed by the sever employment situation and influenced by public opinions, graduates feel confused when seeking for em

41、ployment.(2) Causes of the Difficult Employment Situation of Cities Disadvantaged GroupsThe writer of this essay tries to explore the causes of the difficult employment situation of our nations disadvantaged groups in cities. Firstly, the transformation of the employment sys-tem in our nation was no

42、t quite complete, which has resulted in the unemployment of a large number of workers. Secondly, the development of our labor market was relatively sluggish, Thirdly, the change of the mode of economic growth was attributed as an inner cause to the, decrease of employment rate. Fourthly, the disadva

43、ntaged groups in cities lack the skills to be re-employed.第四章 歷年考研英語寫作真題一覽第一節(jié) 應(yīng)用文部分1.1 2010年考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作真題解析51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qua

44、lifications for applicants and other information which you think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Postgraduates Association” instead. (10 points)參考范文Notice2010 UN International Conference on Globalization is to b

45、e held in Shanghai on October 11-15, 2010. Volunteers for the conference are being recruited on campus now.The ideal applicants for the position must meet the following requirements. First of all, the candidates must have strong skills at English communication and writing. Besides, those with the re

46、levant working experience are preferable. Those who are interested in this activity should send your resume to the email address studentunion before July 1st and we will contact the chosen applicants at the earliest convenience. The Postgraduate Association 1.2 2009年考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作真題解析 51. Direc

47、tions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editors of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly, and2) make two or three suggestions.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEE

48、T 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not write the address. (10 points)參考范文Dear editors,I have been one of the faithful readers of your newspaper and today I am writing to express my opinion about white pollution and provide some suggestions on how t

49、o tackle this problem. On the one hand, the ban on the free use of the plastic bags has been carried out for a whole year, but I am afraid the situation in many cities has not been improved a lot. In my eyes, due attention should be paid to white pollution. On the other hand, some urgent steps shoul

50、d be taken to cope with this problem. First and foremost, more pamphlets should be printed so as to raise peoples awareness of the environmental crisis. In addition, the government should further strengthen the supervision and control of the production and circulation of plastic bags.At last, I do h

51、ope that your newspaper can call on the public to reduce the use of the plastic bags.Sincerely yours Li Ming 1.3 2008年考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作真題解析 51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) m

52、ake an apology, and2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)參考范文Dear Bob,I am Li Ming, the student from China who had been living in your home for the pas

53、t two weeks. Now, I am writing this letter to make an apology to you for my carelessness.During my stay in Canada, I borrowed a music CD from you since I intended to learn some English songs. But when I unpacked my luggage last night, I suddenly found that I had forgotten to return the CD to you bef

54、ore my departure from C. I feel quite sorry for this.In order to make up for the mistake I made, I will ask Tom, one of my best friends in Canada, to buy a new one for you. If you dont like the new one, I would try to send it back to you as soon as possible by UPS. At last, please forgive me for the inconvenience caused again.Sincerely yours Li Ming 1.4 2007年考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作真題解析51. Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its services. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Mi