1、現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料Chapter 1 A General Survey Of English Vocabularyn 1.0 The Definition of the term “word” 詞的定義n 1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary英語(yǔ)詞匯的發(fā)展史n 1.2 Classification of English Words詞的分類(lèi) 1.0 The Definition of the term “word”Word: a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; wi

2、th a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function. a minimum free form sound lexical and grammatical meaning syntactic function Bound form粘著形式：Never used as sentences. Free form 自由形式：Consists entirely of two or more lesser free f

3、orms. Its not a phrase，is a word.1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary Native: Celtic 1st period(449-1100): Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (OE or AS) Celtic Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin 2nd period (1100-1500): Middle English Period (ME)French (the Norman Conqu

4、est in 1066)Latin 3rd period (1500-present): Modern English PeriodEarly stages of Modern English (1500-1700)Latin (Renaissance)Greek (Renaissance)Contemporary English (1700-present):Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, ItalianOther European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch Non-European lan

5、guages (exploration, colonization, trade)n The rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary and its causes. Marked progress of science and technology. Socio-economic，political and cultural changes. The influence of other cultures and languages.1.2 Classification of English Wordsn Three main criter

6、ia: l By origin: 1. native words 本族詞 2. loan words 外來(lái)詞l By level of usage: 1. common words 普通詞 2. literary words 書(shū)面詞 3. colloquial words 口頭詞 4. slang words 俚語(yǔ) 5. technical words 術(shù)語(yǔ)l By notion: 1. function words 功能詞 2. content words 實(shí)義詞n By origin: 1. native words 本族詞 2. loan words 外來(lái)詞Native words: w

7、ords of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old EnglishFeatures of native words: Most are monosyllabic forming the great majority of the basic word stockLoan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languagesBasic word stock: auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most f

8、requently used words (essential to life) National character Stability Word-forming ability Ability to form collocationsn By level of usage: 1. Common words 普通詞 2. Literary words 書(shū)面詞 3. Colloquial words 口頭詞 4. Slang words 俚語(yǔ) 5. Technical words 術(shù)語(yǔ)*There are no clear-cut boundaries between the various

9、classes of words.l Common words普通詞: connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life The core of the common words is the basic word stock. Stylistically neutrall Literary words書(shū)面詞: chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official d

10、ocuments, or in formal speeches. Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin. Among the literary word, two categories are noteworthy: archaic words (c.f. obsolete words) poetical wordsl Slang俚語(yǔ): Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occas

11、ions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary Not generally used in informal conversation unless the speakers are on intimate terms Embracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard EnglishThe chief reason for use of slang: secure fre

12、shness and novelty l Technical words術(shù)語(yǔ): used in various fields: science, profession or trade, art, sport increasing precision in nomenclature one specific meaning Latin or Greek in originn By notion: 1. function words 功能詞 2. content words 實(shí)義詞l Function words: determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries not having much lexical meaning serving grammatically: Behaving like grammatical signals or functional markers, Expressing the kinds of connect