1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 構(gòu)成 助動(dòng)詞 have/has + 過(guò)去分詞例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked.否定句 I have not (havent ) worked. He has not (hasnt )worked .疑問(wèn)句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ?回答Yes，I have. / No , I havent . Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt.2 功能及意義1. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，但沒(méi)有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間修飾。常由下列副詞修飾： ever曾經(jīng)， never從不， already已經(jīng)

2、， yet還（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）， just剛剛， recently，lately近來(lái)， so far 迄今為止= until now, up to now， before 以前例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？I have never heard of such a man.我從沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)人。We have just had lunch 我們剛剛吃過(guò)午飯I have already returned your money.我已經(jīng)把錢(qián)還給你了。I havent found my book yet. （否）我

3、還沒(méi)有找到筆記本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作業(yè)了嗎？Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的來(lái)信了嗎？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今為止 還沒(méi)有人犯錯(cuò)誤 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有乘飛機(jī)旅行過(guò) 2 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或者仍在繼續(xù)。常常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用： for + 一段時(shí)間I have learned English for 8 years sin

4、ce + 過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)I have learned English since 2001 since + 一段時(shí)間+ agoI have learned English since 8 years agosince + 時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句I have learned English since I was 5 years old in the past/last +時(shí)間段We have had two English exams in the past two months近兩個(gè)月來(lái)我們進(jìn)行了2次英語(yǔ)考試Great changes have taken place in my

5、hometown in the past ten years 近十年來(lái)我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。三 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中， 與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可和一段時(shí)間連用。我離開(kāi)這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)八年了。誤 ： I have left this school for eight years（）他借用我的詞典已經(jīng)兩天了誤： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（）非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，可做相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化因此中例句正確形式分別為我離開(kāi)這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)八年了。正 ： I have been away fro

6、m this school for eight years（）他借用我的詞典已經(jīng)兩天了正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（）其它非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用時(shí)的變形buyhave borrow keep, fall asleep be asleep leave be away begin be on die be dead,join be in或be a member of return be back come/arrive be in get up be up,marry be married catch a cold have a cold在否

7、定句中短暫性動(dòng)詞可與段時(shí)間連用I havent gone to see him for several months（ 我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒(méi)有去看他了） I havent bought anything for two months 四 區(qū)分 have been to +地點(diǎn); 表示去過(guò)某個(gè)地方（已經(jīng)回來(lái)），常與ever, never ,幾次，等連用have gone to +地點(diǎn): 表示到地方去了（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）have been in+地點(diǎn)： 表示到了某個(gè)地方（多久了），常與 for + 段時(shí)間連用比較：He has been to China twice(曾經(jīng)去過(guò),現(xiàn)在不在中國(guó)） He has

8、gone to China 他到中國(guó)去了.（他可能已在去中國(guó)的路上，或已到中國(guó)，總之，現(xiàn)在不在這里） He has been in China for two years(他到中國(guó)已經(jīng)兩年了）五 對(duì)完成時(shí)的提問(wèn)用 how long.? 不能用 when. ?六 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用句型1 It is the first/second time.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It is the first time that I have visited the city這是我第一次參觀這座城市It is the third time that the boy has been late這是

9、這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了2 This is the. that. 結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the best film that I ve (ever) seen這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影This is the first time that Ive heard him sing這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌3 It is / It has been + 時(shí)間段+ since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自從上一次我們相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了Its / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3個(gè)月了4 一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Two years has passed since I came here. 七 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last night, three w