1、孫 進 沈陽藥科大學 藥劑教研室 新科研樓327室 Tel: 23986325,專業(yè)英語 (藥劑學專業(yè)),科學引文索引是美國科技信息研究Institute for Scientific Information, 簡稱ISI)編輯出版社的用來查詢科技文獻及其引用情況的檢索工具,其內容涉及科技領域150 多個學科, 主要門類可歸為數(shù)學、物理學、化學、生物學、微生物學、農業(yè)、分子生物學與遺傳學、臨床醫(yī)學、神經(jīng)學、藥學、計算機科學、生態(tài)與環(huán)境等,其中以基礎科學研究為主。由于SCI 對其收錄的期刊采用了定量和定性的多種嚴格而科學的方法篩選,因而它所收載的均是集中了各學科高質量的優(yōu)秀論文精萃的期刊,全面覆

2、蓋了世界最重要、最有影響的研究成果。SCI 的研究成果代表著世界基礎學科研究的最高水準。科技論文被SCI 收錄和引用,成為評價其國際學術地位、基礎科學研究水平、科技創(chuàng)新實力和科技論文質量的國際通用的依據(jù)。,SCI (Science Citation Index),藥 劑 專 業(yè) 常 見 的 權 威 期 刊,國際藥學雜志 International J of Pharmaceutics 2.0 藥物研究 Pharmaceutical Research 2.9 藥物科學雜志 J of Pharmaceutical Science 2.2 藥學及藥理學雜志 J of Pharmacy and Pha

3、rmacology 1.3 控制釋放雜志 J of Controlled Release 3.3 歐洲藥物科學雜志 Eur. J of Pharmaceutical Science 1.9 藥物傳遞 Drug Delivery 1.3,專 業(yè) 英 語 的 特 點,單詞的專業(yè)化(生僻、復合、多意) 長的復合句(句中有句、并列句) 被動語態(tài)的廣泛應用 晦澀的背景知識 英美母語專業(yè)的習慣,Dilate, elevate, disintegrate，apothecary Erythromycin, macrolide, levofloxacin Neonate, children, adult, ge

4、riatrics Cardiac, gastrointestinal, mydriatic, miotics, bowel, constipation, emetics,生 僻,單詞的專業(yè)化 (生僻、復合、多意),Pharmacy, pharmaceutical, pharmaceutics pharmacogenetics, pharmacognosy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic, pharmacopoeia, pharmacophobia, pharmacophore, pharmacotherapy pharmacology, pharmacol

5、ogist, pharmaceutist, pharmacist Biopharmacy,造詞中最常使用的復合法 形成具有創(chuàng)新意義的單詞,單詞的專業(yè)化 (生僻、復合、多意),Pupil Administer Agent Term side effect The film is generally colored. The solutes passage through the biological barrier.,多 意,單詞的專業(yè)化 (生僻、復合、多意),英譯漢的方法,英譯漢是運用漢語把英語所表達的思想準確而完整地重新表達出來的語言活動。而英譯漢的過程則是 正確理解英語原文和創(chuàng)造性地用漢語

6、再現(xiàn)英語原文的過程, 在英譯漢的過程中, 有兩點值得我們特別地注 意: 1) 漢語所要表達的是英語原文的內容, 即句子或文章的意義, 而不是句子結構; 2) 在翻譯過程中, 英語原文的內容要準確而完整地重新表達出來，而不是將兩種語言結構進行簡單的轉換。 3) 譯文得合乎漢語的習慣,中英文語法結構不同，英文可隨時插入定語，對名詞作進一步的闡述；插入狀語，對謂語動詞加以修飾和限制，逐漸形成結構復雜、邏輯嚴密的長句。 中文句子多簡短，有主次先后，逐點交代，層層鋪開。語言結構的不同致使英文長句漢譯有一定的難度。 要翻譯英文中長得像火車似的句子，就必須把它切成一節(jié)一節(jié)地來譯，故采用拆譯法是解決問題的有效

7、途徑。,長的復合句(句中有句、并列句),It is well known that although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a medicinal agent, and the degree and rate vary wit

8、h different drugs and with different vehicles.,復 合 句,長的復合句(句中有句、并列句),It is well known that although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a

9、medicinal agent, and the degree and rate vary with different drugs and with different vehicles.,復 合 句,長的復合句(句中有句、并列句),Drugs administered intravenously provide rapid action compared to other routes of administration and because drug absorption is not a factor, optimum blood levels may be achieved wit

10、h the accuracy and immediacy not possible by other routes。,并 列 句,長的復合句(句中有句、并列句),被動語態(tài)的廣泛應用,The majority of tablets are used in the oral administration of drugs. Many of these are prepared with colorants and coating of various types. Tablets are prepared primarily of compression with a limited number

11、 prepared by molding. Their shape and dimension are determined by use of various shaped punches and dies.,被動語態(tài)的廣泛應用,劣:We immersed the samples in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in acetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water. 優(yōu):The samples were immersed in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in a

12、cetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water.,被動語態(tài)的廣泛應用,優(yōu):The work was carried out on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere . 劣:We carried out this work on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere.,被動語態(tài)的廣泛應用,A system has been d

13、eveloped which relates combinations of a drugs solubility (high or low) and its intestinal permeability (high or low) as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achieving a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation (IVIVC). For a high solubility and high permeability drug, an IVIVC may be ex

14、pected if the dissolution rate is slower than the rate of gastric emptying.,The rate at which a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate. Dissolution rate data, when considered along with data on the drugs solubility, partition characteristics, and dissolution consta

15、nt, can provide an indication of the drugs absorption potential following administration.,晦澀的背景知識,英美母語專業(yè)的習慣,Although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of

16、penetration of a medicinal agent,語 句 的 要 求,句型的分析* 指標詞的運用* 能夠進行較為流暢翻譯* 能夠書寫簡單的短英語文章* 知道科技論文書寫的時態(tài),句型的分析,A system has been developed which relates combinations of a drugs solubility (high or low) and its intestinal permeability (high or low) as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achievin

17、g a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation (IVIVC).,This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the structure,drug interaction mechanism. In view of its wide localization . of P-gp,and its ATP-dependent outward-oriented transport, P-gp actively participates in intestinal secretion,

18、blood-tissue barriers,and . Moreover,the importance of P-gp-mediated drug interactions in clinical practice can hardly be underestimated,since it may result in severe side effects,such as digitalis drug interaction. Polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)associated with P-gp may exert a

19、 significant effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of its substrates,a fact .In addition,dietary components and pharmaceutical excipients may modulate P-gp activity,and as a result affect in vivo drug disposition and therapeutic efficacy;examples include grapefruit juice,Pluronic P85,PEG 300,etc.In

20、 summary,it should be emphasized that P-gp is an integral component in the process of drug discovery,development strategy,and clinical therapy.,指標詞的運用,The systemic clearance of many quinolone antibiotics is mainly via metabolism and urinary excretion; by contrast, biliary excretion is a major route

21、of elimination for a new quinolone grepafloxacin (GPFX). Accordingly, we studied the hepatic up-take of GPFX because it is the first step in the drugs hepato-biliary transport. GPFX inhibited the uptake of taurocholic acid, pravastatin (organic anion), ci-metidine (organic cation) and ouabain (neutr

22、al steroid). However, GPFX uptake was not inhibited by these compounds. In conclusion, the effective hepatic uptake of quinolone antibiotics are via carrier-mediated active transport, which is distinct from that involved in the transport of bile acids, organic anions, organic cations or neutral ster

23、oids.,指標詞的運用,藥劑專外中單詞要求,盡量掌握專業(yè)科技論文中見單詞 盡量掌握多的詞根、詞綴和短語 盡量掌握多的本專業(yè)的重要單詞 注意單詞在普通英語與專業(yè)英語中的差別,教 學 方 法,每次課前將要考學生的專業(yè)單詞掌握情況 每次課前要求大家預習，課中要求學生翻譯 每次課將強調一些重要的專業(yè)單詞 每次課將強調一些重要的詞根和詞綴 每次課將強調一些重要的句型,The rate at which a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate. A drug is defined/denote

24、d/described as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis,. An agent intended for use in the diagnosis,., is defined/referred to/described as a drug. 食物是指能夠提供人們營養(yǎng)的一類物質。 A substance capable of providing the nourishment to humans is referred to as Food Involve, be Involved in, Involving,Introduction t

25、o drugs and pharmacy,Gastrointestinal, Gastric, intestinal, enteric, intestine Erythro- Erythromycin, Erythrocyte, erythroblast hemo- hemoleukocyte, hemoglobin, hemolysis, hemodialysis, hemodynamic Hema- hemachrome, hematology. Hematolysis, hematic Serum, plasma, blood, Secretion, Excretion Assist i

26、n, aid in, help to, facilitate AIDS愛滋病, 獲得性免疫功能喪失綜合癥(Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome),Introduction to drugs and pharmacy,Im- Potence, impotence, mobile, immobile, immobilize, personal, impersonal Anti- antidote, antineoplastic, antibiotics, antimicrobial, Accomplishment, Achievement hyper- hyper

27、sonic, hypertension, hypertonic, hyperplasia hypo- hypotension, hypodermic, hypotonic, Anesthetics, esthetics; analgesic, algesimeter under- undertake, undergo, underline, undermine, underscore, underlying,Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Metabolism, metabolic, metabolite, metabolize

28、Administration (Oral, Rectal, Parenteral, dermal, nasal, pulmonary, intravenous, ) Dosage forms, preparations (tablets, capsules, injections, suppositories, ointments, aerosols), aero- aerosol, aerospace, aerostatic, aerotropic, aeroacoustic Neo- neonate, neolith/paleolith, neomycin, neoclassic, Dru

29、g delivery system (DDS), Transdermal delivery system (TDS),專 業(yè) 單 詞,fillers, thickeners, preservatives, suspending agents, colorants Gastrointestinal, Rectal, Parenteral, dermal, nasal,formula, formulate , preformulation Formulation (公式化, 列方程式有系統(tǒng)而確切的陳述或說明配方設計, 規(guī)化) Pharmaceutics ingredients: fillers,

30、thickeners, disintegrants, solvents, tablet coatings, suspending agents, antimicrobial preservatives, flavors,colorants, sweeteners Stable, stability, stabilize, Additive, component,Shelf life (包裝食品的)貨架期, 保存限期) Compatible, incompatible Accuracy, inaccuracy Therapeutical, therapy, chemotherapy, pharm

31、acotherapeutics,Maximum, maximal, minimum, minimal, Regimen (A regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect), Regiment Contribute to, attribute to, be attributable to account for; Be responsible for; benefit from, suffer from Saf

32、eguard, gatekeeper,USP(United States Pharmacopoeia) BP(British Pharmacopoeia) ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) NF(National Formulary) Test, assay, analysis, examine, check, compliance (Compliance with the law is expected in the state.), comply with, Increase the patients compliance Compendium (綱要), monogr

33、aph (專論、專題) mono- monograph, monolayer, monodrama, monolith, monologue Bi- bilinguist; bimillennium, bigamy Tri- triangular, triangle, trigamy,專 業(yè) 單 詞,Drug delivery system (DDS), Transdermal Drug delivery system(TDDS), community, 分子量 處方集，USP，dosage regimen, 分子式,藥物傳遞系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)皮給藥系統(tǒng)，社區(qū)，molecular weight Nati

34、onal formulary, 美國藥典，給藥方案，molecular format,胃腸道， 小腸， secretion 血漿， 血清， 全血 , excretion,Gastrointestinal tract, intestine, 分泌 Plasma, serum, blood, 排泄,Nonproprietary(通用的), proprietary(專利的, 有專利權的, 獨占的) generic(一般的, 普通的;【生】屬的, 類的;(商品)未注冊的),In fulfilling this function, the compendia become the legal docum

35、ents, every statement of which must be of a high degree of clarity and specificity. 藥物制劑中含有多種成分，其中每一個成分都具有其獨特的作用。The pharmaceutical preparations contain lots of components, each (ingredient) of which has a unique function to itself.,Readily (adv.樂意地, 欣然, 容易地) Emboss(飾以浮飾, 使浮雕出來) em- embody, embolus(

36、n.醫(yī)栓子, 栓塞物), empoison, empower, embrace, emulate en-, -en enlarge, enmesh, enclose, encase thicken, blacken, sweeten, dampen, enhance, enhancer, Imprint(印; 蓋印于), im- impotence , in- insomnia, incompatible, Thereby, therefore, therein, thereof, thereon. Hereby, herein, hereof, hereon. Whereafter, whe

37、reabout, whereby, whereat,Flexible, Flexibility, inflexible,inflexibility individual, individualize, individualist, individually Compromise From a pharmaceutic standpoint/point, From my standpoint/point of view, To me best knowledge, In my opinion, From where I stand, As far as I am concerned, As I

38、see, Personally speaking Take in account/consideration, take account of bear/have . In mind, simultaneous Concur, Concurrence, concurrent, concurring (同時發(fā)生的， 并發(fā)的) incur, occur, Be subject to (在.條件下; 常遭.; 易受.的侵襲; 受控制; 服從.的指揮), subjected to,專 業(yè) 單 詞,fillers, thickeners, Gastrointestinal, preservatives,

39、 NF(National Formulary), monograph Suspending agents, Parenteral, ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) ,Compendium,片劑、膠囊、注射劑、氣溶膠，處方前 代謝、口服給藥、排泄、非胃腸道給藥 Oral administration; parenteral administration,專 業(yè) 單 詞,Gastrointestinal tract, preservatives, instant dissolving tablet, chewable tablet 硬膠囊，軟膠囊，suppository, e

40、nteric-coated tablets, gelatin(e),Intact, integrated tactics/strategy, tactful Extended/prolonged/controlled/sustained/modified-released dosage forms Instant dissolving/disintergrant/dispersible tablets, Sublingual, buccal, mucosal, nasal, rectal, dermal, venous, arterial, vein artery opaque, opaqua

41、nt, colorant, desiccant Hydro- hydrolysis, hydrophobic, hydrophobicity, hydrophilic, hydrodynamic, hydrobiology, hydrogel, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, water, aqueous -lysis, Electrolysis, Electrolyte, thermolysis,Fine, coarse, Rigid, Free from, free of charge Hygro- hygrogram, hygroscope, hygroscopic, hy

42、grology, hygrometer, hygrophobia, hygrophilous in vitro in vivo in situ Bioavailability, available, availability, Proteo- proteolytic, proteolipid, Passage(vi.通過, 橫過, 穿過; 航行, 旅行) Characteristic, property, pattern, feature Gastric residence time, gastric emptying Fasting, nonfasting, solubility, solu

43、ble, insoluble,專 業(yè) 單 詞,Absorption Enhancer, controlled/sustained released dosage forms Bioavailability, Gastric residence time, Sublingual, buccal, mucosal,專 業(yè) 單 詞,instant dissolving tablets, chewable tablets，腸溶片, Desiccant, colorant 硬膠囊，軟膠囊， Instant disintergrant/dispersible tablets,Methyl, ethyl,

44、propyl, butyl, Octa-, octanol, -decane, octadecane Capsule, capsulate, encapsulate Excipient, ingredient, component, adjunct Disintergration, dissolution, dissolve, resolve, absolve Outset, onset, beginning, duration,end Compressed tablet, molded tablet,Diluents, fillers, binders, adhesives, disinte

45、rgrants, disintergrating agents Antiadherents, glidants, lubriants, lubricating agents, colorant, flavorant, Expert, expertise, Multiple compressed tablets, Multiple-layered tablets,專 業(yè) 單 詞,Disintergration, dissolution, 模制片，壓制片 Punch, Die, excipient, adjuncts, granulation,專 業(yè) 單 詞,稀釋劑，粘合劑，抗粘劑，multipl

46、e-layered tablets 填充劑，崩解劑，助流劑，潤滑劑,sugar-coated tablets,Bulk n.大小, 體積, 大批, 大多數(shù), 散裝 vt.顯得大, 顯得重要 Bulky adj.大的, 容量大的, 體積大的 Tamper n 屏, 護持器 Rupt- rupture, erupt, corrupt, abrupt, disrupt Mucosa n.解黏膜 bypass byproduct bywork Lozenge n.菱形, 止咳糖, troche n.藥片, 片劑 Local, localize,localized systemic Effervescent, effervescency Triturate vt.弄成粉, 粉碎, 磨碎, 搗碎 n.磨碎的東西 Tablet triturate 片劑研碎物,專 業(yè) 單 詞,Homogenous，崩解，溶出, 模， Heterogeneous, 沖， compactability,Hyper-hypersonic, hypertension, hypertonic, hyperplasia hypo- hypotension, hypodermic, hypotonic, fabricate 制作, 構成, 捏造, 偽造, 虛構, prefabri