1、,中考總復(fù)習(xí)系列之,賓語(yǔ)從句,單位：廣西梧州第十中學(xué),2003.5,一 . 定義 簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō) , 賓語(yǔ) 從句就是一個(gè)或是幾 個(gè)從句充當(dāng)主句中的 賓語(yǔ)成分。,二 . 主要類型 1） . 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句只是在某些動(dòng)詞后 能用作賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞有see , say , tell , ask ,answer , know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss , show等等： e.g Do you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are i

2、n ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam .,2） . 由連詞 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)。（口語(yǔ)中常用 if ） e.g She asked me if she could borro

3、w these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：1)中所列的動(dòng)詞后也?？捎?whether , if 引導(dǎo)的 從句作賓語(yǔ)； e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight . I dont know whether this answer is right . 另外，這種從句前面有時(shí)還可以另有賓語(yǔ)。 e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask th

4、e man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？,3)由that引導(dǎo)。（ 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略 ） e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster . 注意：在某些句型中，特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中， that 引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去，前面用一個(gè) it 作形式 上的賓語(yǔ)。(但是，有時(shí)

5、 it 也可以省略） e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他說(shuō)他要想一切辦法幫我們，我相 信他說(shuō)的是真話。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我們 動(dòng)身是會(huì)很早的。）,三 . 賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況 1.引導(dǎo)詞 由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用連詞 that 等引導(dǎo)，并且在口語(yǔ)中常常省略此詞： e.g He said （ that ）he had a

6、new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果 that 引導(dǎo)的是幾個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最后一個(gè) that 不能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .,由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)，并且兩詞可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 連用，而 if 不能。 e.g I want t

7、o know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，由特殊疑問(wèn)詞 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等 引導(dǎo) 。 e.g I dont know whose book it is . Do you know where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He want

8、ed to know why you can play the piano so well .,2 . 語(yǔ)句的順序 無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即是“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的 順序。 e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where I c

9、an buy the beautiful flower .,3 . 時(shí)態(tài)的變化 . 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何 一種時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g Tom has been to Guilin twice . she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . he is interested in English .,當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用 相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的 相互一致。 e.g he would go to Xia

10、n . he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had had supper already .,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . We should know what he said is only th

11、e truth . I know that he is an exellent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .,4 . 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 賓語(yǔ)從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時(shí)用句號(hào)；而主句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，句末則用問(wèn)號(hào)。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Please tell me which colour you like best . Do you know wh

12、ere Li Ping is ? Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?,5 . 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式 一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞時(shí)，一般要把賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I

13、 dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 hope ，則不適用于這種規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .,6 . 賓語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情形 在把簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬(wàn)要注意： 句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)，而應(yīng)該用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。 e.g Dont open the door . （用 they 作主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句） They ask not to open the door . 代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，我們就應(yīng)該考

14、慮代詞的變化。 e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada .,若由一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞是 does 或 did 時(shí)，要去掉助動(dòng)詞，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式或過(guò)去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要把這些助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的后面。 e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ H

15、ave you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,五 . 專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1、Do you know how much hot water? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where

16、Dwhat is he 3、I didnt know how to London? Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5、Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news,6.- is true that she may fall behind the others. A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think - the Chinese people are very friendly. A.that B.if C.since D.b